1997 Vol. 15 No. 1
1997, 15(1): 1-4.
Abstract：
Morphogenesis of epidermal hair and stoma was observed through establishing the Thin Cell Layer (TCL) culture system of tobacco epidermis.It was found that uneven and slant cell division was related to redifferentiation of dedifferentiated cells.And formation of stoma in calli from TCLshowed the characteristics of adaption to enviroment while the cells redifferentiated.Besides,adventitious roots had been induced to regenerate successively.And floral bud differentiation was accomplished in TCLcultureof tobacco floral stems.
Morphogenesis of epidermal hair and stoma was observed through establishing the Thin Cell Layer (TCL) culture system of tobacco epidermis.It was found that uneven and slant cell division was related to redifferentiation of dedifferentiated cells.And formation of stoma in calli from TCLshowed the characteristics of adaption to enviroment while the cells redifferentiated.Besides,adventitious roots had been induced to regenerate successively.And floral bud differentiation was accomplished in TCLcultureof tobacco floral stems.
1997, 15(1): 5-9.
Abstract：
Adventitious embryos were observed in certain frequency (2.72 per cent) inHigh-frequency Diploid Apomictic Rice (HDAR).Their origins were assured to be from nucellar cells in ovule.Early when tile embryo sac was in 2-nucleate or 4-nucleate stage,initial cells of the adventitious embryos started division,and then developed into embryonic structures of multiple cells while the embryo sac was in8-nucleate stage.Afterwards they went on dividing and squeezing into embryo sac.The adventitious embryocontinued developing with the nutrient offered by endosperm after pollination.Either didthe zygotic embryo continue developing along with the adventitious or degenerated, theadventitious embryos would go on differentiating and eventually develope into matureseed.The possible applications of adventitious embryos developed earlier than zygoticembryo did in rice were also discussed in this paper as well.
Adventitious embryos were observed in certain frequency (2.72 per cent) inHigh-frequency Diploid Apomictic Rice (HDAR).Their origins were assured to be from nucellar cells in ovule.Early when tile embryo sac was in 2-nucleate or 4-nucleate stage,initial cells of the adventitious embryos started division,and then developed into embryonic structures of multiple cells while the embryo sac was in8-nucleate stage.Afterwards they went on dividing and squeezing into embryo sac.The adventitious embryocontinued developing with the nutrient offered by endosperm after pollination.Either didthe zygotic embryo continue developing along with the adventitious or degenerated, theadventitious embryos would go on differentiating and eventually develope into matureseed.The possible applications of adventitious embryos developed earlier than zygoticembryo did in rice were also discussed in this paper as well.
1997, 15(1): 10-14.
Abstract：
Histochemical studies were conducted on the anther development of two male-sterile lines and their fertile line in radish.The histochemical changes of male-sterile lines concided with the morphological changes.The inhibition of 475A anther development occurred before the stage of archesporial cell.At that time,the anther possessed little protein and nucleic acids, though some starch grains were observed.With the growth of anther, no protein,nucleic acids and starch grains were observed.Before the tetrad stage,the Spring Red Awas normal and stored rich polysaccharides,protein and nucleic acids.At the stage of nuinucleate microspore,the tapetal cells developed abnormally.During the abortion of pollen,the protein,polysaccarides and nucleic acids disappeared rapidly,and no starch grains were observed.
Histochemical studies were conducted on the anther development of two male-sterile lines and their fertile line in radish.The histochemical changes of male-sterile lines concided with the morphological changes.The inhibition of 475A anther development occurred before the stage of archesporial cell.At that time,the anther possessed little protein and nucleic acids, though some starch grains were observed.With the growth of anther, no protein,nucleic acids and starch grains were observed.Before the tetrad stage,the Spring Red Awas normal and stored rich polysaccharides,protein and nucleic acids.At the stage of nuinucleate microspore,the tapetal cells developed abnormally.During the abortion of pollen,the protein,polysaccarides and nucleic acids disappeared rapidly,and no starch grains were observed.
1997, 15(1): 15-18.
Abstract：
Glycine soja roots were incubated in colchicine for 3 days after they had germinated for 4 days.Obvious ultrastructural changes in the cells of root meristem regionwere observed:cell nucleus was surrounded by plastids with several starch grains inside,the volume of vacuole increased,large and regularly-shaped vacuoles displayed arroundnucleus and throughout cytoplasm.Reticulate rough endoplasmic reticulum stacks couldbe detected occasionally.The shape of some nuclei became irregulsr,and the nucleus occupied a smaller portion of cell volume compared with those of dividing root cells without colchicine treatment.All these characteristics indicate that the cells treated withcolchicine undergo a differentiation pathway instead of being kept at meristematic state.
Glycine soja roots were incubated in colchicine for 3 days after they had germinated for 4 days.Obvious ultrastructural changes in the cells of root meristem regionwere observed:cell nucleus was surrounded by plastids with several starch grains inside,the volume of vacuole increased,large and regularly-shaped vacuoles displayed arroundnucleus and throughout cytoplasm.Reticulate rough endoplasmic reticulum stacks couldbe detected occasionally.The shape of some nuclei became irregulsr,and the nucleus occupied a smaller portion of cell volume compared with those of dividing root cells without colchicine treatment.All these characteristics indicate that the cells treated withcolchicine undergo a differentiation pathway instead of being kept at meristematic state.
1997, 15(1): 19-26.
Abstract：
Based on the past researches, the principles for lotus species classification were proposed.Some modifications had been made to the classification system used inthe book Pictorial Hand book of Chinese Lotus Species.Nulumbo lutea, which was assumed to be an independent species in the past,was reconsidered as a subspecies of N.nucifera.Dwarf and medium types were separated from the vigorous and paralleled toeach other.New groups,such as duplicate-petal varieties and variegated varieties were added to the system.Overall,the new system consisted of three specific constitutions,six groups, fourteen types and thirty-eight forms.Two hundred and seventy-eight specieswere included.
Based on the past researches, the principles for lotus species classification were proposed.Some modifications had been made to the classification system used inthe book Pictorial Hand book of Chinese Lotus Species.Nulumbo lutea, which was assumed to be an independent species in the past,was reconsidered as a subspecies of N.nucifera.Dwarf and medium types were separated from the vigorous and paralleled toeach other.New groups,such as duplicate-petal varieties and variegated varieties were added to the system.Overall,the new system consisted of three specific constitutions,six groups, fourteen types and thirty-eight forms.Two hundred and seventy-eight specieswere included.
1997, 15(1): 27-34.
Abstract：
The phylogenetic relationships among 12 species of Dendranthema in China are dealt with by using Wagner parsimony.The results indicate that cladistic analysis is not only as effective as Qcluster analysis in grouping taxa,but also can reveal the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa in question.Dendrathema vestitum and D.×grandiflorum are the species of a high evolutionary degree and some of the hybrids are evolved in cultivated group.Also, we find a parallel evolutionary phenomenon of characters between different cultivars.Finally, some questions about origin of Chinese cultivated Chrysanthemum are also discussed.
The phylogenetic relationships among 12 species of Dendranthema in China are dealt with by using Wagner parsimony.The results indicate that cladistic analysis is not only as effective as Qcluster analysis in grouping taxa,but also can reveal the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa in question.Dendrathema vestitum and D.×grandiflorum are the species of a high evolutionary degree and some of the hybrids are evolved in cultivated group.Also, we find a parallel evolutionary phenomenon of characters between different cultivars.Finally, some questions about origin of Chinese cultivated Chrysanthemum are also discussed.
1997, 15(1): 35-38.
Abstract：
Photoreduction activities of isolated chloroplasts of hybrid rice cv.Shangyou 63 could be effectively increased by additional Ca2+,and inhibited by ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N, N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a specific Ca2+ chelator ).Trifluoperazine (TFP,a calmodulin inhibitor), Co2+ (a calcium channel blocker),and Zn2+ inhibited photoreduction activities of isolated chloroplasts,and which were partially decreased by the Ca2+.Photoreduction activity of chloroplasts was close related to Ca2+ andcalmodulin.
Photoreduction activities of isolated chloroplasts of hybrid rice cv.Shangyou 63 could be effectively increased by additional Ca2+,and inhibited by ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N, N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a specific Ca2+ chelator ).Trifluoperazine (TFP,a calmodulin inhibitor), Co2+ (a calcium channel blocker),and Zn2+ inhibited photoreduction activities of isolated chloroplasts,and which were partially decreased by the Ca2+.Photoreduction activity of chloroplasts was close related to Ca2+ andcalmodulin.
1997, 15(1): 39-42.
Abstract：
Callus was induced in the modified MShasal medium with high concentration of NAAand 2,4-Dfrom young inflorescence of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).During the callus subculture with gradually reduced concentration of NAAand 2,4-D,it developed into compact nodular tissue.There were conducting tissue,meristematic cell clumps,root primordia and embryoids at different developing stage in the nodular tissue.The normal roots and green buds were developed subsequently from some of the nodular tissue.At the same time,some green buds grew out directly from the base of the young flower branches, and finally became the plantlets with normal roots and leaves,but without apical meristem and leaf primordia.Moreover,some of the stem apex developed into flower branches and even showed several small abnormal flowers.
Callus was induced in the modified MShasal medium with high concentration of NAAand 2,4-Dfrom young inflorescence of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).During the callus subculture with gradually reduced concentration of NAAand 2,4-D,it developed into compact nodular tissue.There were conducting tissue,meristematic cell clumps,root primordia and embryoids at different developing stage in the nodular tissue.The normal roots and green buds were developed subsequently from some of the nodular tissue.At the same time,some green buds grew out directly from the base of the young flower branches, and finally became the plantlets with normal roots and leaves,but without apical meristem and leaf primordia.Moreover,some of the stem apex developed into flower branches and even showed several small abnormal flowers.
1997, 15(1): 49-53.
Abstract：
The changes of soluble protein content,peroxidase (POD),superoxlde dismutase (SOD), and non-specific esterase (NSE)activities during adventitious root and bud differentiation in Asparagus officinalis(L.)were reported.(1) The soluble protein content increased in the course of formation of root and bud.The peak values were 1.98 (root)and 2.19 (bud)times as much as callus, respectively.The soluble protein content decreased during the following growth of root and bud.(2) The peak value of the PODactivity was the highest at the formation of root (in 10th day)and bud(in 8th day), 1.92 and 2.52 △A?mg-1 prot?min-1, respectively.The change regularity of POD activity was similar in the course of root and bud differentiation.(3)The SODactivity presented two peaks,in 2nd day and 10th day during the differentiation of root,in 4th day and 8thday during the differentiation of bud, respectively.The peak values of SODactivity in 10th day and sib day had relation with the formation of root and bud, (4) The change of NSEactivity was similar to that of PODactivity during the differentiation of root.The NSE activity presented two peaks,in 6th day and 10th day,respectively,during the differentiation of bud.
The changes of soluble protein content,peroxidase (POD),superoxlde dismutase (SOD), and non-specific esterase (NSE)activities during adventitious root and bud differentiation in Asparagus officinalis(L.)were reported.(1) The soluble protein content increased in the course of formation of root and bud.The peak values were 1.98 (root)and 2.19 (bud)times as much as callus, respectively.The soluble protein content decreased during the following growth of root and bud.(2) The peak value of the PODactivity was the highest at the formation of root (in 10th day)and bud(in 8th day), 1.92 and 2.52 △A?mg-1 prot?min-1, respectively.The change regularity of POD activity was similar in the course of root and bud differentiation.(3)The SODactivity presented two peaks,in 2nd day and 10th day during the differentiation of root,in 4th day and 8thday during the differentiation of bud, respectively.The peak values of SODactivity in 10th day and sib day had relation with the formation of root and bud, (4) The change of NSEactivity was similar to that of PODactivity during the differentiation of root.The NSE activity presented two peaks,in 6th day and 10th day,respectively,during the differentiation of bud.
1997, 15(1): 54-58.
Abstract：
Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile lines (A), including Zhenshan 97A, Congguang 41A and Maxie A,were used as experiment materials and their relative maintainer lines (B) as controls,the contents of testosterone and estradiol in leaves and panicles of different developmental stages were determined by radioimmunoassay.The resultsshowed that the contents of testosterone and estradiol in leaves of all the varieties were high6r than those in panicles,and the contents of testosterone were higher than those of estradiol in both leaves and panicles.However,there was no significant difference of the contents of testosterone and estradiol between male-sterile lines and maintainer lines.
Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile lines (A), including Zhenshan 97A, Congguang 41A and Maxie A,were used as experiment materials and their relative maintainer lines (B) as controls,the contents of testosterone and estradiol in leaves and panicles of different developmental stages were determined by radioimmunoassay.The resultsshowed that the contents of testosterone and estradiol in leaves of all the varieties were high6r than those in panicles,and the contents of testosterone were higher than those of estradiol in both leaves and panicles.However,there was no significant difference of the contents of testosterone and estradiol between male-sterile lines and maintainer lines.
1997, 15(1): 59-65.
Abstract：
Effects of cultural conditions on fatty acid composition and content in Spirulina platensis (SP)NS-90020 were studied.With increasing temperature, the relative contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid and GLAin (Sp)NS-90020 decreased,but the content of total fatty acid increased,the absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAreached the highest level at 40"C,and they were 73.4 mg/g DW, 11.9 mg/g DW, respectively.When NaCIconcentration was higher than 0.0017 mol/Lin the medium, the relative content of GLAdecreased,but lower than 0.0017 mol/Lhad no effect on the fatty acid composition.The absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAincreased in the presence of amonia,and their highest contents were obtained when amonia was added at the level of 50 mg N(NH,.H,O),they were 67.96 mg/g DW, 13.63 mg/g DW,respectively.The absolute contents 6f total fatty acid and GLAincreased under 92 hours dark treatment during the exponential phase.The absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAreduced when Fe2+, Mg2+ or Mo2+ was deficient in the medium,but PO43- defienciency elevated the absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLA.
Effects of cultural conditions on fatty acid composition and content in Spirulina platensis (SP)NS-90020 were studied.With increasing temperature, the relative contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid and GLAin (Sp)NS-90020 decreased,but the content of total fatty acid increased,the absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAreached the highest level at 40"C,and they were 73.4 mg/g DW, 11.9 mg/g DW, respectively.When NaCIconcentration was higher than 0.0017 mol/Lin the medium, the relative content of GLAdecreased,but lower than 0.0017 mol/Lhad no effect on the fatty acid composition.The absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAincreased in the presence of amonia,and their highest contents were obtained when amonia was added at the level of 50 mg N(NH,.H,O),they were 67.96 mg/g DW, 13.63 mg/g DW,respectively.The absolute contents 6f total fatty acid and GLAincreased under 92 hours dark treatment during the exponential phase.The absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLAreduced when Fe2+, Mg2+ or Mo2+ was deficient in the medium,but PO43- defienciency elevated the absolute contents of total fatty acid and GLA.
1997, 15(1): 66-72.
Abstract：
The airbrone allergic pollen grains were continuously gathered for 365 days in three collect spots of Wuchang district,48643 pollens were gained which belong to 28 families or genera: Two peaks of pollen grains occurred on March to April and August to September.Platanus L.,Cupressaceae L.Pinus L.and Artemisia L.were superior in numbers.The main allergic pollen were the Artemisia L.and Ambrosia L.The floating factors of airborne pollen in this district and the allergy of superior pollens were discussed preliminarily.
The airbrone allergic pollen grains were continuously gathered for 365 days in three collect spots of Wuchang district,48643 pollens were gained which belong to 28 families or genera: Two peaks of pollen grains occurred on March to April and August to September.Platanus L.,Cupressaceae L.Pinus L.and Artemisia L.were superior in numbers.The main allergic pollen were the Artemisia L.and Ambrosia L.The floating factors of airborne pollen in this district and the allergy of superior pollens were discussed preliminarily.
1997, 15(1): 73-79.
1997, 15(1): 80-90.
1997, 15(1): 91-93.
1997, 15(1): 94-96.
