Abstract: In this paper a classification of Trapaceae whose specimens were collecte from Hubei province is presented based upon the comparative researches on the results of the cluster analysis, the observations on the potlen morphology under light microscope and the quelitative analysis of habitat. Both morphological discontinuity and ecological isolation were used as the criteria of recognizing species in Trapa. Finally, 17 OTU’s were divided into 5 species and 8 varieties of which 4 were new ones and others were new combinations. The species and varieties are listed below; Trapa incisa Sieb. et Zucc.: T. maximowicii Korsh.; T. bicornis Osb.; T.bicornis Osb. var. quadrispinosa (Roxb.)Z.T. Xiong; T.bicornis Osb. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Z. T. Xiong; T. bicornis Osb. var. taiwanensis (Nakai) Z. T. Xiong; T. bicornis Osb. var. acornis (Nakano) Z.T.Xiong; T.japonica Fler; T.japonica Fler. var. magicorona Z.T.Xiong; T. japonica Fler. var. longicollum Z.T.Xiong; T.pseudoincisa Nakai; T.pseudoincisa Nakai var. aspinifa Z.T.Xiong; T.pseudoincisa Nakai var. complana Z.T.Xiong.