Effects of anti-hail nets on storage performance and quality of Actinidia chinensis Planch. ‘Donghong’
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摘要:
以贵州省六盘水市水城区的猕猴桃品种‘东红’（Actinidia chinensisPlanch. ‘Donghong’）为研究对象，在同一果园地块上相邻铺设白色防雹网和绿色防雹网，以露天栽培为对照处理，从果实采收前叶片光合特性、果实采收时成熟度、采收后耐贮性和果实品质等4个方面开展比较分析。结果显示，白网和绿网处理均能有效降低外部环境光合有效辐射强度，但是绿网处理显著降低叶片的净光合速率，而白网处理和对照之间无显著差异。白网处理提高了同期采收果实的可溶性固形物，但与对照相比，防雹网处理均能轻微降低采收时的干物质，尤其是绿网处理。在1 ℃~2 ℃低温贮藏过程中，防雹网处理对果实硬度的影响较小，但是绿网处理显著增加了贮藏16周后（2.04%）和20 ℃货架7 d后（10.33%）的果实腐烂率。防雹网处理果实的感官评价基本上与对照处理无显著差异。不同处理之间的果实内在品质测定结果与感官评价结果基本吻合，绝大部分品质指标（可溶性固形物、总酸、固酸比、糖酸比、总酚、总黄酮、维生素C、花青素等）在3个处理之间无显著差异。与对照相比，白网处理几乎不会对‘东红’果实产生显著的负面影响，因此在必须安装防雹网设施抵御冰雹灾害的情况下，可优先选择白色防雹网。
Abstract:In recent years, frequent hail disasters in Liupanshui (Guizhou Province) have seriously damaged the local kiwifruit industry. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different colored anti-hail nets on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics, fruit maturity, storage, and quality ofActinidia chinensisPlanch. ‘Donghong’ cultivated in a commercial adult orchard in Liupanshui, providing a theoretical basis for anti-hail application and promotion. Green and white anti-hail nets were established within the same block, with adjacent uncovered vines serving as the control. Leaf photosynthetic characteristics prior to the commercial harvest of fruit, fruit maturity close to the commercial harvest window, storage performance at low temperatures, and postharvest fruit quality were compared among the three treatments. Results indicated that both anti-hail nets reduced the external photosynthetic active radiation above the canopy. However, the green anti-hail net significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate of leaves, while the white anti-hail net and control treatment showed no significant differences. Both anti-hail nets slightly reduced the dry matter of fruit at harvest, particularly the green anti-hail net treatment. The white anti-hail net increased soluble solids content (SSC) of the fruit at the same harvest period. During cold storage (1 ℃–2 ℃), both treatments slightly mitigated the decline in fruit firmness within the first six weeks compared to the control, but no significant differences were observed throughout subsequent storage among the three treatments. Compared to the control, both net treatments significantly induced the rate of fruit decay after 16 weeks of cold storage and 7 d of shelf-life at 20 ℃, with the green anti-hail net treatment showing the highest fruit rot rate (2.04% after 16 weeks of cold storage and 10.33% after 7 d of shelf-life). The control fruit exhibited better overall sensory quality, although there were no significant differences in the various sensory indices among the three treatments. In terms of internal quality for ripe fruit stored after 12 weeks of cold storage, the control fruit had slightly higher SSC due to greater dry matter accumulation at harvest, while most other quality indices, including total acidity, SSC/acidity ratio, sugar/acidity ratio, total phenol, total flavonoid, and vitamin C, showed no significant differences among the three treatments, although both net treatments slightly affected pigment content. Under net installation, the white anti-hail net is preferable, as it did not produce a large negative effect on fruit storage performance and quality.
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Keywords:
- Actinidia chinensis ‘Donghong’ /
- Anti-hail net /
- Photosynthesis /
- Maturity /
- Storage /
- Quality
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图 1 不同防雹网处理对‘东红’猕猴桃叶片净光合速率（A）、叶绿素相对含量（B）、光响应曲线（C）和网下外部光强日变化（D）的影响
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（Tukey检验，P=0.05）。下同。
Figure 1. Effects of different anti-hail net treatments on net photosynthetic rate (A), chlorophyll relative content (B), photosynthetic light-response curve (C), and daily variation in external light intensity under nets (D) in ‘Donghong’ leaves
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (Tukey test, P=0.05). Same below.
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图 2 不同防雹网处理对‘东红’果实在低温贮藏过程中的硬度（A）和可溶性固形物（B）的影响
Figure 2. Effects of different anti-hail net treatments on firmness (A) and soluble solids content (B) in ‘Donghong’ during cold storage
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图 3 不同防雹网处理对低温贮藏12周后的软熟‘东红’猕猴桃果实风味（A）、抗氧化物（B）和色素（C）等品质的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different anti-hail net treatments on qualities of flavor (A), antioxidants (B), and pigments (C) of ripe ‘Donghong’ fruit after 12 weeks of cold storage
表 1 不同防雹网处理对‘东红’猕猴桃果实采收时成熟度的影响
Table 1 Effects of different anti-hail net treatments on ‘Donghong’ fruit maturity at harvest
采收期
Harvest code采收日期
Harvest date处理
Treatment单果重
Fresh weight /g硬度
Firmness / N可溶性固形物
Soluble solids content / %干物质
Dry matter / %H1 2022-08-10 对照 90.71±3.02a 64.62±1.77a 5.98±0.21a 18.43±0.27a H1 2022-08-10 绿网 90.25±4.37a 62.91±1.14a 5.68±0.29a 17.62±0.25a H1 2022-08-10 白网 92.58±4.22a 63.69±1.46a 7.04±0.43a 18.06±0.21a H2 2022-08-15 对照 88.78±3.75a 58.03±1.90a 6.61±0.23ab 18.91±0.27a H2 2022-08-15 绿网 102.91±4.16a 59.39±1.11a 6.22±0.39b 18.07±0.26a H2* 2022-08-15 白网 94.01±2.89a 62.21±1.25a 8.01±0.37a 18.64±0.24a H3 2022-08-19 对照 95.38±2.70a 58.67±1.43a 7.26±0.26a 19.98±0.31a H3 2022-08-19 绿网 94.12±3.55a 61.54±1.40a 7.54±0.25a 19.03±0.32ab H3 2022-08-19 白网 96.74±4.81a 60.68±1.42a 8.11±0.38a 18.65±0.22b H4* 2022-08-22 对照 87.65±2.29ab 57.89±1.41a 8.12±0.26a 20.05±0.22a H4 2022-08-22 绿网 83.26±2.34b 61.62±1.70a 7.30±0.28a 17.76±0.24b H4 2022-08-22 白网 100.74±4.51a 62.58±1.15a 7.25±0.23a 19.31±0.26a H5 2022-08-24 对照 85.53±2.54a 55.55±1.43a 8.10±0.25a 19.85±0.23a H5* 2022-08-24 绿网 73.29±2.08a 58.62±1.16a 8.05±0.38a 18.53±0.28b H5 2022-08-24 白网 76.17±2.68a 53.53±1.70a 8.47±0.30a 17.11±0.30c 注：同列不同小写字母表示同一采收期内3个不同防雹网之间的均值差异显著（Tukey检验，P=0.05），下同；*表示3个防雹网处理用于后续低温贮藏实验和果实品质分析的采收期。
Notes: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in means between different hail net treatments in the same column and same harvest period(Tukey test, P=0.05). Same below. * Indicates harvest period when different anti-hail net treatments were used for subsequent low-temperature storage experiments and fruit quality analysis.
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表 2 不同防雹网处理下‘东红’猕猴桃果实低温贮藏16周后和常温货架7 d后的病害发生率汇总
Table 2 Summary of disease incidence in ‘Donghong’ under different anti-hail net treatments after 16 weeks of cold storage and 7 d of shelf-life
处理
Treatment果梗端腐烂率
Stem-end rot / %果身腐烂率
Body rot / %花柱端腐烂率
Blossom-end rot / %16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d对照 0.00±0.00 1.24±0.82b 0.00±0.00 2.86±1.01c 0.00±0.00 0.62±0.31a 绿网 1.02±0.00 2.89±0.87a 1.02±0.00 7.10±1.57a 0.00±0.00 0.34±0.34c 白网 0.00±0.00 0.67±0.67c 0.00±0.00 4.91±1.32b 0.00±0.00 0.35±0.35b 处理
Treatment总腐烂率
Total rot / %果梗端黑圈率
Stem-end black circle / %轻微皱缩率
Slight shrivel / %16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d对照 0.00±0.00 4.72±1.79c 32.87±6.71a 72.13±1.69a 19.76±2.91a 22.43±2.57a 绿网 2.04±0.00 10.33±2.24a 51.64±1.21a 82.59±3.88a 13.17±1.77a 21.99±2.28a 白网 0.00±0.00 5.94±0.76b 35.33±6.67a 62.13±14.59a 19.46±1.85a 27.94±3.58a 处理
Treatment中等皱缩率
Moderate shrivel / %严重皱缩率
Severe shrivel / %总皱缩率
Total shrivel / %16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d16周
16 weeks16周+7 d
16 weeks+7 d对照 12.80±3.99a 28.25±5.85a 2.00±0.14a 7.47±1.38a 34.56±6.33a 58.15±6.64a 绿网 11.65±6.37a 26.32±5.95a 3.67±3.67a 8.65±5.26a 28.48±10.31a 56.97±10.83a 白网 10.12±0.52a 13.49±4.66a 0.69±0.35a 1.40±0.36a 30.28±1.38a 42.83±7.11a
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表 3 不同防雹网处理对低温贮藏12周后的软熟‘东红’果实感官评价的影响
Table 3 Effects of different anti-hail net treatments on sensory evaluation of ripe ‘Donghong’ fruit after 12 weeks of cold storage
处理
Treatment整体喜好度
Overall liking风味喜好度
Flavor liking风味浓郁程度
Flavor intensity甜度
Sweetness酸度
Sourness接受度
Acceptance / %对照 6.59±0.37a 6.71±0.37a 6.76±0.34a 6.47±0.45ab 3.76±0.50ab 70.59±11.39a 绿网 6.00±0.32a 5.41±0.37b 5.94±0.28 a 5.41±0.47b 5.18±0.43a 52.94±12.48a 白网 6.00±0.32a 5.69±0.38ab 5.88±0.35 a 5.88±0.3ab 3.88±0.54ab 68.75±11.97a
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