干旱、施氮对降香黄檀 - 橡胶树幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

李丽君; 苗灵凤; 李大东; 杨帆

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.22196

干旱、施氮对降香黄檀 - 橡胶树幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

李丽君^1,,
苗灵凤^{1, 3},
李大东¹,
杨帆^{1, 2, ,}

1.
海南大学生态与环境学院，海口 570228
2.
海南省生态环境修复工程中心，海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室，海口 570228
3.
海南大学植物保护学院，海口 570228

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金项目（320RC507，421QN192，322RC578）

详细信息

作者简介:
李丽君（1998−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向植物生理生态（E-mail：1524841472@qq.com）

通讯作者:
杨帆: E-mail：yangfan@hainanu.edu.cn; fanyangmlf6303@163.com

中图分类号: Q945.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-19
- 修回日期: 2022-10-27
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-29

Effects of drought and nitrogen application on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen - Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg seedlings

Li Li-Jun^1,,
Miao Ling-Feng^{1, 3},
Li Da-Dong¹,
Yang Fan^{1, 2, ,}

1.
School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
2.
Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
3.
School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Funds: This work was supported by grants from the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (320RC507, 421QN192, 322RC578)

摘要

摘要:
以降香黄檀（Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen）和橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg）为研究材料，探究干旱、施氮联合处理对幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光特性及两者互作效应的影响。结果显示，同一氮素水平下，干旱胁迫显著提高了幼苗的初始荧光（F_o）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ），但降低了株高增量、基径、叶长、总叶绿素含量、PSⅡ潜在活性（F_v / F_o）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v / F_m）和电子传递速率（ETR）。同一水分水平下，施氮处理组植株有更好的生长态势，且对降香黄檀的促进作用强于橡胶树；干旱与施氮联合处理显著影响降香黄檀的分支数和橡胶树的株高增量、叶柄长、叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量及类胡萝卜素含量。混栽对降香黄檀和湿润条件下的橡胶树有促进作用，但在干旱条件下降香黄檀显著抑制橡胶树的生长和光合性能。研究结果表明施氮可减轻干旱胁迫对两树种的不利影响，且均在施氮湿润处理组下具有最佳的生长、光合色素积累状况。此外，土壤水分变化改变了降香黄檀-橡胶树的互作效应。
- 混栽 /
- 降香黄檀 /
- 水氮耦合 /
- 橡胶树 /
- 叶绿素荧光参数
Abstract:
Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen and Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg were used to explore the effects of drought and nitrogen application on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and interaction effects of the seedlings. Results showed that under the same nitrogen level, drought stress significantly increased the fluorescence parameters F_o and NPQ of the seedlings, but decreased plant height, basal diameter, leaf length, total chlorophyll, F_v/F_o, F_v/F_m, and ETR. Under the same water level, plants in the nitrogen application group exhibited better growth performance, and the promotion effects on D. odorifera were stronger than that on H. brasiliensis. Combined drought treatment and nitrogen application significantly affected the number of branches in D. odorifera and plant height increment, petiole length, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content in H. brasiliensis. Mixed planting promoted the growth and development of D. odorifera and H. brasiliensis under humid conditions, while D. odorifera significantly inhibited the growth and photosynthetic performance of H. brasiliensis under drought conditions. These results showed that nitrogen application could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on the two species, and plant growth and photosynthetic pigment accumulation showed the best performance under nitrogen application in well-water. In addition, variations in soil moisture could change the interaction effects between D. odorifera and H. brasiliensis.
- Mixed planting /
- Dalbergia odorifera /
- Water-nitrogen coupling /
- Hevea brasiliensis /
- Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

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图 1 不同处理下降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗的株高增量、基径差异

不同大小写字母分别代表混栽和纯栽幼苗不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。* 和** 分别表示同一处理下，不同栽植模式的降香黄檀或橡胶树幼苗在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平上差异显著、极显著。下同。

Figure 1. Differences in plant height increment and basal diameter of Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis seedlings under different treatments

Different uppercase/lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments of mixed and pure seedlings, respectively (P < 0.05). * and ** indicate significant difference and extremely significant difference at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels in D. odorifera or H. brasiliensis seedlings with different planting patterns under the same treatment, respectively. Same below.

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图 2 不同处理条件对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗qP和NPQ的影响

Figure 2. Effects of different treatment conditions on qP and NPQ of Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis seedlings

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图 3 不同处理条件下降香黄檀（A）和橡胶树（B）幼苗各指标间相关性分析

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Figure 3. Correlation analysis between various indicators of Dalbergia odorifera (A) and Hevea brasiliensis (B) seedlings under different treatment conditions

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表 1 栽植模式、水分和氮素及其交互作用对两树种株高增量、基径的影响

Table 1 Effects of planting pattern, water, nitrogen, and their interactions on height increment and basal diameter of two tree species

物种 Species	参数 Parameter	C	W	N	C × W	C × N	W × N	C × W × N
降香黄檀 Dalbergia odorifera	株高增量	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.052	0.391	0.870	0.257
降香黄檀 Dalbergia odorifera	基径	0.000**	0.000**	0.002**	0.976	0.061	0.874	0.413
橡胶树 Hevea brasiliensis	株高增量	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.401	0.021*	0.057
橡胶树 Hevea brasiliensis	基径	0.596	0.000**	0.018*	0.000**	0.236	0.978	0.948
注：C，栽植模式；W，水分水平；N，氮素水平。表中数值为P值。，P < 0.05；*，P < 0.01。 Notes: C, planting pattern; W, water level; N, nitrogen level. Values are P-values.

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表 2 不同处理条件对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗叶片性状的影响

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on leaf traits of Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis seedlings

栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	降香黄檀 D. odorifera				橡胶树 H. brasiliensis
栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	叶长 LL / cm	叶宽 LW / cm	分支数增量 INB / twig/plant	总叶面积 TA / cm²	叶长 LL / cm	叶宽 LW / cm	叶柄长 LPL / cm	平均单叶面积 ALA / cm²
纯栽	CW	6.18 ± 0.08b	2.86 ± 0.09b	24.88 ± 0.52b	4605.05 ± 179.48b	8.58 ± 0.26a	2.90 ± 0.07a	7.68 ± 0.27b	7.92 ± 0.64a
	NW	6.73 ± 0.10a	3.20 ± 0.07a	34.00 ± 1.19a	6044.16 ± 630.23a	10.31 ± 1.04a	3.03 ± 0.23a	9.13 ± 0.13a	9.37 ± 0.94a
	CD	5.50 ± 0.12c	2.55 ± 0.06c	13.38 ± 0.47d	1680.67 ± 48.67c	8.43 ± 0.60a	2.93 ± 0.14a	7.50 ± 0.35b	7.70 ± 1.18a*
	ND	6.50 ± 0.26ab	2.88 ± 0.09b	18.13 ± 0.43c	2558.30 ± 128.05c	9.08 ± 0.20a	2.94 ± 0.13a	7.43 ± 0.15b	7.80 ± 0.91a
混栽	CW	6.44 ± 0.15B	3.16 ± 0.11B	35.00 ± 0.91B**	4842.23 ± 301.98B	8.98 ± 0.21B	2.98 ± 0.12A	7.63 ± 0.47B	8.18 ± 1.00AB
	NW	7.66 ± 0.33A*	3.40 ± 0.15A	41.75 ± 1.25A**	6178.16 ± 265.31A	11.06 ± 0.22A	3.10 ± 0.15A	9.78 ± 0.65A	10.38 ± 3.17A
	CD	5.29 ± 0.11C	2.53 ± 0.08C	17.00 ± 0.41C**	2360.02 ± 44.76C**	8.00 ± 0.29C	2.79 ± 0.06A	6.74 ± 0.51B	3.39 ± 0.45B
	ND	6.30 ± 0.11B	2.89 ± 0.08B	18.25 ± 0.25C	2659.07 ± 139.59C	8.93 ± 0.22B	2.91 ± 0.09A	7.38 ± 0.24B	6.00 ± 0.67AB
F_C		0.129	0.076	0.000**	0.160	0.575	0.947	0.848	0.227
F_W		0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.003**	0.268	0.000**	0.010*
F_N		0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.001**	0.314	0.001**	0.117
F_{C × W}		0.004**	0.058	0.000**	0.611	0.253	0.394	0.210	0.070
F_{C × N}		0.182	0.770	0.008**	0.399	0.735	0.761	0.210	0.410
F_{W × N}		0.639	0.659	0.000**	0.056	0.081	0.761	0.011*	0.811
F_{C × W × N}		0.198	0.618	0.660	0.555	0.849	0.761	0.991	0.659
注：表中数据为平均值 ± 标准误。上方数据不同大/小写字母分别代表混栽和纯栽幼苗不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。* 和** 分别表示同一处理下不同栽植模式的降香黄檀或橡胶树幼苗在P < 0.05和 P < 0.01水平上差异显著。下方数据为栽植模式（C）、水分（W）、氮素（N）及其交互作用对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗各指标的影响，表中数值为P值。，P < 0.05；*，P < 0.01。
Notes: Data in the table are Mean ± Standard error. Upper data, different uppercase/lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments of mixed and pure seedlings, respectively (P < 0.05). , significant differences in D. odorifera* or H. brasiliensis seedlings with different planting patterns under the same treatment (P < 0.05); *, extremely significant differences in D. odorifera* and H. brasiliensis seedlings with different planting patterns under the same treatment (P < 0.01). Below data, effects of planting pattern (C), water (W), nitrogen (N), and their interactions on various indicators of D. odorifera and H. brasiliensis seedlings. Values are P-values. , P < 0.05; *, P < 0.01.

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表 3 不同处理条件对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗光合色素含量的影响

Table 3 Effects of different treatment conditions on content of photosynthetic pigments in Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis seedlings

栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	降香黄檀 D. odorifera				橡胶树 H. brasiliensis
栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl a / μg/g	叶绿素b Chl b / μg/g	总叶绿素 Chl_total / μg/g	类胡萝卜素 Caro / μg/g	叶绿素a Chl a / μg/g	叶绿素b Chl b / μg/g	总叶绿素 Chl_total / μg/g	类胡萝卜素 Caro / μg/g
纯栽	CW	1127.30 ± 39.42ab	477.44 ± 35.77ab	1604.74 ± 75.07ab	282.10 ± 4.62a	772.41 ± 4.31b	265.86 ± 1.64a	1038.27 ± 5.03b	323.62 ± 2.40a
	NW	1180.34 ± 11.89a	507.18 ± 17.59a	1687.52 ± 27.86a	323.59 ± 22.72a	854.60 ± 32.33a	279.14 ± 8.36a	1117.00 ± 41.80a	336.63 ± 16.17a
	CD	1077.24 ± 16.13c	398.84 ± 17.35c	1476.08 ± 14.53b	285.02 ± 28.52a	656.72 ± 9.91c**	233.95 ± 3.41b**	890.67 ± 11.35c**	196.23 ± 1.15c**
	ND	1121.75 ± 12.11ab	433.58 ± 5.33bc	1555.33 ± 17.14ab	313.58 ± 10.48a	702.96 ± 12.28c**	240.26 ± 3.74b**	943.22 ± 14.19c**	291.15 ± 4.73b**
混栽	CW	1172.70 ± 22.3AB*	507.75 ± 15.83A	1680.45 ± 37.95AB	309.94 ± 6.62C*	887.56 ± 5.03B**	389.88 ± 9.80B**	1277.44 ± 13.64B**	331.49 ± 43.94A
	NW	1227.21 ± 8.80A	508.30 ± 9.91A	1735.51 ± 18.71A	385.25 ± 4.49A*	980.66 ± 6.76A**	508.08 ± 12.07A**	1468.39 ± 11.01A**	353.16 ± 4.88A
	CD	1151.00 ± 34.60B	429.86 ± 41.54B	1580.86 ± 76.12B	338.81 ± 5.17B	285.17 ± 11.42D	92.55 ± 5.58D	377.71 ± 16.53D	144.28 ± 4.86C
	ND	1166.60 ± 10.02AB*	441.54 ± 9.04AB	1608.15 ± 18.94AB	373.73 ± 15.95A*	563.26 ± 5.59C	191.34 ± 4.34C	754.60 ± 9.33C	233.36 ± 3.14B
F_C		0.003**	0.281	0.030*	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.046*	0.086
F_W		0.006**	0.000**	0.001**	0.811	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**
F_N		0.014*	0.241	0.056	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**
F_{C × W}		0.680	0.907	0.783	0.571	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.010*
F_{C × N}		0.667	0.421	0.520	0.354	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**	0.953
F_{W × N}		0.459	0.803	0.800	0.222	0.000**	0.194	0.006**	0.005**
F_{C × W × N}		0.634	0.925	0.844	0.524	0.000**	0.535	0.000**	0.764
注：表中数据为平均值 ± 标准误。上方数据不同大/小写字母分别代表混栽和纯栽幼苗不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。* 和** 分别表示同一处理下不同栽植模式的降香黄檀或橡胶树幼苗在P < 0.05和 P < 0.01水平上差异显著。下方数据为栽植模式（C）、水分（W）、氮素（N）及其交互作用对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗各指标的影响，表中数值为P值。，P < 0.05；*，P < 0.01。下同。
Notes: Data in the table are Mean ± Standard error. Upper data, different uppercase/lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments of mixed and pure seedlings, respectively (P < 0.05). , significant differences in D. odorifera* or H. brasiliensis seedlings with different planting patterns under the same treatment (P < 0.05); *, extremely significant differences in D. odorifera* and H. brasiliensis seedlings with different planting patterns under the same treatment (P < 0.01). Below data, effects of planting pattern (C), water (W), nitrogen (N), and their interactions on various indicators of D. odorifera and H. brasiliensis seedlings. Values are P-values. , P < 0.05; *, P < 0.01. Same below.

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表 4 不同处理条件对降香黄檀和橡胶树幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Table 4 Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis seedlings

栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	降香黄檀 D. odorifera				橡胶树 H. brasiliensis
栽植模式 Planting pattern	处理 Treatment	初始荧光F_o	PS Ⅱ潜在活性 F_v / F_o	PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率F_v / F_m	电子传递速率ETR	初始荧光F_o	PS Ⅱ潜在活性 F_v / F_o	PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率F_v / F_m	电子传递速率ETR
纯栽	CW	354.00 ± 27.05ab	4.76 ± 0.29ab	0.82 ± 0.01a	40.48 ± 7.43b	317.75 ± 26.20a	4.14 ± 0.34ab	0.81 ± 0.01ab	33.65 ± 2.22a
	NW	318.75 ± 8.11b*	5.19 ± 0.13a	0.83 ± 0.00a	72.03 ± 13.44a	300.50 ± 22.48a	4.98 ± 0.21a	0.83 ± 0.01a	33.55 ± 2.20a
	CD	404.00 ± 38.36a	3.62 ± 0.15c	0.78 ± 0.01b	40.30 ± 4.90b	341.25 ± 34.78a	3.52 ± 0.52b	0.77 ± 0.03b	26.23 ± 1.84b
	ND	286.50 ± 17.05b	4.44 ± 0.13b	0.82 ± 0.00a	51.43 ± 5.86ab	337.75 ± 5.02a	4.15 ± 0.16ab	0.81 ± 0.01ab	31.68 ± 2.45ab
混栽	CW	285.50 ± 26.01A	4.84 ± 0.41AB	0.83 ± 0.01AB	53.95 ± 2.54AB	292.25 ± 14.34AB	4.43 ± 0.08AB	0.82 ± 0.00AB	31.08 ± 3.07A
	NW	258.75 ± 15.50A	5.47 ± 0.55A	0.84 ± 0.01A	63.85 ± 5.61A	272.50 ± 16.83B	5.19 ± 0.31A	0.84 ± 0.01A	33.05 ± 3.27A
	CD	321.75 ± 22.05A	3.87 ± 0.26B	0.79 ± 0.01B	45.65 ± 2.31B	381.25 ± 26.31A	3.17 ± 0.29C	0.76 ± 0.01C	19.60 ± 2.92A
	ND	261.00 ± 9.60A	4.76 ± 0.26AB	0.82 ± 0.00AB	60.70 ± 4.77A	328.75 ± 44.30AB	4.00 ± 0.31B	0.79 ± 0.01B	27.95 ± 6.25A
F_C		0.001**	0.293	0.407	0.304	0.766	0.994	0.784	0.163
F_W		0.386	0.000**	0.000**	0.102	0.011*	0.000**	0.000**	0.010*
F_N		0.001**	0.004**	0.004**	0.002**	0.225	0.002**	0.008**	0.105
F_{C × W}		0.747	0.807	0.710	0.628	0.269	0.251	0.450	0.443
F_{C × N}		0.316	0.756	0.976	0.360	0.497	0.896	0.995	0.598
F_{W × N}		0.080	0.467	0.075	0.429	0.801	0.873	0.436	0.213
F_{C × W × N}		0.456	0.881	0.771	0.190	0.539	0.742	0.995	0.930

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表 5 栽植模式、水分和氮素及其交互作用对两树种qP、NPQ的影响

Table 5 Effects of planting pattern, water, nitrogen, and their interactions on qP and NPQ of two tree species

物种 Species	参数 Parameter	C	W	N	C × W	C × N	W × N	C × W × N
降香黄檀 D. odorifera	qP	0.515	0.289	0.010*	0.650	0.608	0.515	0.187
降香黄檀 D. odorifera	NPQ	0.539	0.013*	0.528	0.938	0.904	0.710	0.942
橡胶树 H. brasiliensis	qP	0.423	0.144	0.203	0.302	0.812	0.712	0.373
橡胶树 H. brasiliensis	NPQ	0.073	0.035*	0.045*	0.657	0.670	0.113	0.787

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