Temporal and spatial variation of sexual reproduction in a remnant population of the endangered species Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) P. Y. Zhang et Y. J. Zhang
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摘要:
本文以分布于枝江关洲岛的濒危物种疏花水柏枝（Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) P. Y. Zhang et Y. J. Zhang）为研究对象，调查其种群开花和结果性状沿高程的变化，分析该残存种群有性繁殖的时空变化规律；同时结合三峡大坝-葛洲坝水利水电工程修建所引起生境地水位消涨节律的变化，分析其对残存种群有性繁殖的影响。结果显示，残存疏花水柏枝种群的有性繁殖在不同高程之间存在显著差异。消涨带上部植株的每株花枝数、每枝花朵数、每株花朵数分别比消涨带中部植株高66.09%、50.14%和98.63%，比消涨带下部植株高79.50%、283.33%和461.05%。消涨带上部植株的每株果枝数、每枝结果数、每株结果数、每果种子数和种子发芽率分别比消涨带中部高60.17%、25.26%、88.05%、6.96%和30.69%，比消涨带下部高97.39%、82.45%、208.31%、19.12%和45.91%。相关性分析结果表明，植株的开花结果特性与高程、出露时期、土壤含水量以及温度变化极显著相关。环境因子对有性繁殖的影响强度依次为出露时间>高程>日均温度>土壤含水量。上游水利水电工程对疏花水柏枝残存种群的有性繁殖具有一定的影响。
Abstract:Temporal and spatial variations of sexual reproduction in a remnant population of the endangered species Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) P. Y. Zhang et Y. J. Zhang were investigated based on changes in flowering and fruiting traits with elevation on Guanzhou Island, Zhijiang, China. The impact of cascade water conservancy and hydropower construction projects on the sexual reproduction of remnant populations was analyzed based on the characteristics of water-level fluctuations in the habitat of M. laxiflora. Results showed significant differences in the sexual reproduction of the remnant population at different elevations. Flower branch number per plant, flower number per branch, and flower number per plant of plants at the upper part of the fluctuation zone were 66.09%, 50.14%, and 98.63% higher than those at the middle part, and 79.50%, 283.33%, and 461.05% higher than those at the lower part, respectively. Fruit branch number per plant, fruit number per branch, fruit number per plant, seed number per fruit, and seed germination percentage of plants at the upper part of the fluctuation zone were 60.17%, 25.26%, 88.05%, 6.96%, and 30.69% higher than those at the middle part, and 97.39%, 82.45%, 208.31%, 19.12%, and 45.91% higher than those at the lower part. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the flowering and fruiting characteristics and elevation, plant exposure period, soil water content, and temperature. The influence of environmental factors on sexual reproduction was in the order of exposure time, elevation, daily average temperature, and soil moisture content.
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图 1 研究区的地理位置与样带分布
主图为样地高程图，来自于2022年3月27日的无人机遥感影像（其数据为相对于水平面DEM加上水位线高度，DEM数据源自无人机，当天水位线高度源自宜昌市水利和湖泊局官方网站的枝城河道站的监测数据）；右上角为生境地鸟瞰图，截取自谷歌地图；右下角为湖北省行政区划图，源自地理空间数据云网站。
Figure 1. Location of study site and distribution of transects
Main elevation data: UAV remote sensing image data from 27 March 2022 (relative to horizontal plane DEM plus height of water mark on the day. DEM data were obtained from a drone, and height of water level on the day was obtained from the Zhicheng River Station monitoring data from the Yichang Water Conservancy and Lake Bureau website). Picture on upper right was taken from Google Maps, and administrative division map of Hubei Province and vector map of the Yangtze River on the lower right were downloaded from the geospatial data cloud website.
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图 2 不同消涨梯度与高程盛花期和盛果期的气温和土壤含水量
Figure 2. Soil water content and temperature at different fluctuation gradients and elevations during peak flowering and full fruiting periods
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图 3 不同消涨梯度与高程疏花水柏枝植株盛花期的开花性状
不同小写字母表示差异极显著（P<0.01）。下同。
Figure 3. Flowering traits of Myricaria laxiflora at different fluctuation gradients and elevations during peak flowering period
Different lower letters indicate significant difference (P<0.01). Same below.
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图 4 不同消涨梯度与高程疏花水柏枝植株的结果性状
Figure 4. Fruiting traits of Myricaria laxiflora plants at different fluctuation gradients and elevations
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图 5 疏花水柏枝残存种群开花结果与环境因子的RDA 排序
FLP：每株开花数；FNP：每株结果数；FNF：每果种子数；SGP：种子萌发率；E：高程；SW：土壤含水量；ET：出露时间；ADT：日均温度。
Figure 5. RDA ordination of flowering and fruiting traits of the Myricaria laxiflora remnant population and environmental factors
FLP: Flower number per plant; FNP: Fruit number per plant; FNF: Seed number per fruit; SGP: Seed germination percentage; E: Elevation; SW: Soil water content; ET: Exposure time; ADT: Average daily temperature.
表 1 不同消涨梯度与高程疏花水柏枝植株出露与开花结果时间
Table 1 Exposure, flowering, and fruiting time of Myricaria laxiflora plants at different fluctuation gradients and elevations
消涨梯度
Fluctuation gradient高程
Elevation / m出露日期
Exposure date盛花期
Peak flowering time盛果期
Full fruiting time上部 43.20~43.40 2021-09-10 2021-10-24 2021-11-04 中部 42.40~43.00 2021-09-25 2021-11-03 2021-11-12 下部 41.80~42.20 2021-10-15 2021-11-17 2021-11-28 
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表 2 疏花水柏枝植株开花结果性状与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析
Table 2 Pearson correlation analysis between flowering and fruiting traits of Myricaria laxiflora and environmental factors
性状
Traits每株开花数
Flower number per plant每株结果数
Fruit number per plant每果种子数
Seed number per fruit种子发芽率
Seed germination percentage高程
Elevation土壤含水量
Soil water content出露时间
Exposure time日均温度
Average daily temperature每株开花数 1 每株结果数 0.564** 1 每果种子数 0.626** 0.535** 1 种子发芽率 0.463** 0.497** 0.547** 1 高程 0.637** 0.540** 0.962** 0.598** 1 土壤含水量 0.607** 0.500** 0.970** 0.551** 0.675** 1 出露时间 0.637** 0.547** 0.910** 0.613** 0.656** 0.981** 1 日均温度 0.358** 0.546** 0.939** 0.609** 0.797** 0.699** 0.656** 1 注：** 表示在0.01 水平（双侧）上显著相关。 Note: ** indicates significant correlation at 0.01 level (bilateral).
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表 3 环境因子对疏花水柏枝残存种群开花结果影响的冗余分析
Table 3 RDA of effects of environmental factors on flowering and fruiting traits of the Myricaria laxiflora remnant population
因子
Factor解释率
Explanation贡献率
ContributionF值
Pseudo-FP值
P-value出露时间 44.5% 58.3% 85.1 0.002 高程 27.1% 35.5% 100.0 0.002 日均温度 3.7% 4.9% 15.8 0.002 土壤含水量 1.0% 1.4% 4.5 0.008
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