Study on Combining Ability and Heritability Analysis of Main Economic Characters for Cauliflower
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摘要: 采用Griffing 6×6完全双列杂交设计,对长江流域内秋冬栽培的6个主要花椰菜(Brassica oleracea Linn.var.botrytis Linn.)资源的自交系育种材料的球高、球径、单球重、成熟期、毛花率和内叶盖球度等6个花球主要经济性状进行一般配合力(GCA) 和特殊配合力(SCA) 分析,并对花椰菜的各个性状进行了遗传相关性分析。结果表明: 花椰菜的6个经济性状同时受加性和非加性效应控制。其中成熟期、毛花率、球高和内叶盖球度性状的一般配合力大于特殊配合力,受加性基因效应影响大;而球径、单球重等性状间一般配合力小于特殊配合力,在相当程度上受非加性基因控制。花椰菜各性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为:成熟期、毛花率、内叶盖球度、球高、球径和单球重。花椰菜的球高与单球重、球径与单球重、球高与成熟期、单球重与内叶盖球度、成熟期与内叶盖球度等5个成对性状应该同时选择;而球高与毛花率、球高与内叶盖球度、球径与成熟期、球径与毛花率、单球重与毛花率、成熟期与毛花率、毛花率与内叶盖球度等7个成对性状的选择可以独立进行,彼此间不会相互影响,可实现同一组合或品种具备多种优质性状。在6个自交系中,P2和P5是理想亲本;P4是配制耐寒组合的亲本材料;亲本P6应用价值最低。组合中表现最好的为P2×P4,各性状的特殊配合力均较优。Abstract: Using six inbred line cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Linn.var.botrytis Linn.) varieties from the Yangtze River basin as parents, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and correlation of primary characters such as head height, head diameter, head weight, maturity traits, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio were studied by 6 ×6 complete diallel cross and Griffing method I. Results showed that six characters were affected by additive and non additive effects. Maturity, bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio significantly affected by additive gene were mainly inherited by GCA; head diameter and head weight were mainly inherited by SCA and were strongly controlled by non-additive genes. Narrow heritability ranked in the order of maturity, bracts rate, leaf coverage ratio, head height, ball diameter and head weight. Concurrent selection of couple traits were head height and head weight, head diameter and head weight, head height and maturity, head weight and leaf coverage ratio, maturity and leaves coverage ratio; but independent selection of couple traits were head height and bracts ratio, head height and leaf coverage ratio, head diameter and maturity, head diameter and bracts ratio, head weight and bracts ratio, maturity and bracts ratio, bracts ratio and leaf coverage ratio. None interacted, and more traits of good characters were combined in the same cultivar. In the six inbred lines, P2 and P5 were ideal parental lines, and P4 was an ideal parental line for cold tolerance. The traits of P2×P4 in combination had better expression and SCA.
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