Experimental Studies on the Characteristics of Protonema Development in Encalypta ciliata

Protonema growth and gametophyte development of Encalypta ciliata are observed based on the cultivation of spore germination. At the same time, the whole process is illustrated and taken photographs. The results show that the protonemal system of E. ciliata consists of two elements, the robust and short filamentous chloronema which is composed of 46 oblate cells and the thin and long caulonema like osier on which there are many clavae of 25 cells. The primary rhizoid exists or not. At the end, the characteristics of the protonema growth is analyzed and discussed. The sporeling type of E. ciliata is primarily named as Encalypta-type.