Observation of Spore Morphology and Wall Structure of Eight Species of Frullania (Frullaniaceae;Hepaticae) by SEM and TEM

Morphology and structure of eight species of genus Frullania(hepaticae) were studied by SEM and TEM in total.Morphology and ornamentation of spores of seven species were observed by SEM.The spores of seven species observed are medium(25-40 μm)in size,spherical,inaperturate,with ornamentations of verruca(granulate)on the surface: The "rosette" pattern can be seen obviously in four species.Spore wall structure of four species observed by TEM showed that spores of four species have similar wall structure: perine with granule,exine has hollow shape with some substance of granule filled in.The border between intine and extine is indistinguishable,and the density of electronic shell increases from extine to intine.