Abstract: Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang Province is located in the temperate zone,and whose marshland is one of the most important wetlands in China.In this study,47 quadrats of 1 m×1 m were randomly sampled from the edge to the center of the marshland in the summer of 2009,and bryophyte presence,vascular plants communities,and related environmental factors were investigated.We analyzed species diversity of bryophytes and their distribution in relation to environmental factors.The results showed there were seven species belonging to five families and six genera,and the dominant species were Sphagnum squarrosum and S.magellanicum.Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA),the relationship between bryophytes and environmental factors showed S.squarrosum and S.magellanicum mostly lived relatively deep in water table,meanwhile S.squarrosum was normally found in the Carex rigescens community and S.magellanicum in the Phragmites australis-Deyeuxia angustifolia community.S.magellanicum was found in all research areas with a water pH of 4.4-6.5,but S.squarrosum was only found in marshland of about pH 5.3.Calliergonella cuspidata,Climacium dendroide,Marchantia polymorpha and Drepanocladus aduncus grew in the water with pH 6.3.We considered that the key environmental factors that influenced bryophytes growth and distribution were depth of water table,the nature of vascular plant community and water pH.