Abstract: By general variance analysis and the principal component analysis to nine stem and fruit characteristics of natural Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. in Hunan and Hubei Provinces, this paper focus on the selection of the quality of variety resources of A. trifoliata and its improved breed’s stem and fruit characteristics. The results of general variance analysis showed that the synthetic evaluation of nine stem and fruit characteristics of A.trifoliata in Hubei Hefeng was ranked first, and that of A.trifoliata in Hubei Yichang, Hunan Shimen, Yongding, Cili was second. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal component and principal characteristics were the pericarpic thickness, single fruit weight, seed weight, pericarp weight and stem venation in the selection of improved breed of A.trifoliata. The second principal characteristics were the units volume weight of fruit, units volume weight of stem, stem color and pericarpic percentage. It’s possible to decrease the dropping of the units volume weight of fruit by pay more attention to the selecting of stem color. Therefore, in the selection of stem and fruit characteristics of A. trifoliata, the three main characteristics were the fruit characteristics which principal part is stem venation and single fruit weight, the stem color and the units volume weight of stem.