Abstract: The RAPD polymorphism of ten Polygonum capitatum population from Guizhou and Sichuan were studied by six primers.A total of 74 RAPD bands were produced in the 10 population,of which 11 bands were common in all population.The similarity coefficients among different population were from 0.622 to 0.892.The clustering dendrogram showed that there were two clusters.GroupⅠ was consisted of two population native to Dujiangyan in Sichuan and Shibing in Guizhou,which had the specific band S53-650 but lost the two bands S53-400 and S67-790 specific for GroupⅡ,which was consisted of the remainder seven population in Guizhou and one in Sichuan.