Abstract: According to investigation, there are 3 species and 1 variety of the genus Miscanthus in Anhui Province: Miscanthus floridulus, M. sinensis var. sinensis, M. sinensis var. purpurascens and M. savchariflorus; In order to distinguish conveniently, a key to the species has been compiled in this paper. In Anhui, the quanta of spontaneous resources of them is very abundant, M. floridulus-M. sinensis is edificator of the altoherbosa in various grasslands, and M. sacchariflorus Formation is one of the main emer iherbosas. The area of the grassland of M. floridulus, such as, is more than 173340 ha, and the fresh yield per ha is usually 15—37.5t. All of the plants are very worthy perennial resource grasses: good forage plant, first-rate plant of the soil conservation, high-class raw material of papermaking and herbal medicines. Several suggestions of exploitation and utilization of plant resources of the genus Miscanthus has been proposed in this paper.