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桔梗科4种植物分离胚囊的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON ISOLATED EMBRYO SACS IN FOUR SPECIES OF CAMPANULACEAE

  • 摘要: 应用酶解技术分离出桔梗科四种植物(桔梗、轮叶沙参、杏叶沙参和羊乳)的胚囊。对胚囊的形态结构和贮藏物质的变化作了观察比较。它们的成熟胚囊结构基本相同,均由卵细胞、一对助细胞和中央细胞组成。反足器退化较早。但形态、大小等有一定差异。桔梗胚囊狭长,细胞质浓密;沙参(包括轮叶沙参与杏叶沙参)的胚囊也较狭长,细胞质不如前者浓密;羊乳胚囊非常宽大,而细胞质相当稀薄,与前三种植物的差异较大。它们均含有贮藏物质,显微化学反应表明主要系多糖物质。多糖颗粒的形状、大小各有特点,在胚囊受精前后的消长变化也有不同。其中羊乳与其它三种植物之间的差别较大。

     

    Abstract: The present paper deals with the observations on embryo sacs (ES) isolated by enzymatic maceration in four Campannlaceous species, Platycodon grandiflorum, Adenopora axilliflora, A. tetraphylla, Codonopsis lanceolata. Fixed ovules were macerated in a mixture of pecti nase and cellulase. The mature were cleared with lactophenol for mopholgical observation.The mature ESs of all these species had basically similar strueture: an egg cell, tow synergids and a central cell with a secondary nueleus, the antipodal cells degenerated early. Histoehemical reactions such as PAS reaction, Ⅰ2-KⅠ treatment, Sudan Ⅲ solation and mercuric bromophenol blue staining were carried out. PAS reaction revealed that all the ESs contained plenty of polysaecharide grandules. These species differed from each othe in some aspects, C. lanceolata had broad ES with sparse ytoplasm and large polysaccharide granules. The ES of P. grandiflorum also contained a lot of oil drops.Based on the above mentioned results, it is concluded that the enzymatic technique is a useful means in comparative studies on ESs but to rapid preparation of specimen and stereographic of ESs.

     

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