Effects of tree species composition and diameter class structure on biomass restoration of secondary tropical forest
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摘要: 本研究在海南尖峰岭和吊罗山热带林区海拔245～1255 m范围内根据林分恢复时间设立固定监测样地，探讨了森林地上生物量与树种组成和径级结构的关系。结果显示：海南热带次生林平均地上生物量为（155.38 ± 37.16）×103 kg/hm2，其中低地次生雨林为（137.91 ± 31.02）×103 kg/hm2，山地次生雨林为（160.39 ± 42.13）×103 kg/hm2。自然恢复状态下的生物量恢复率与恢复时间呈显著正相关关系，但难以在短时间内恢复至原始林水平。生物量恢复受树种组成和径级结构的显著影响，大径级林木生物量占比随恢复时间显著增加，小径级林木生物量占比随恢复时间显著降低。恢复26年的山地次生雨林小径级林木生物量占比高出原始林58%，大径级林木生物量占比则低68%；恢复35年的低地雨林次生林小径级林木生物量占比比原始林高30%，大径级林木生物量占比则低20%；随恢复时间增加，速生树种的种类和数量逐渐减少，生物量占比下降7%左右；而慢生树种则均呈增加趋势，生物量增长20%～ 32%。本研究结果对热带森林的有效保护与科学恢复、提高森林碳汇能力等具有重要的指导意义。Abstract: In this study, 32 permanent plots with different recovery times were set up in Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan areas of Hainan Island within an elevational range of 245-1255 m above sea level in order to analyze the relationship between aboveground biomass and forest tree species composition and diameter at breast height (DBH) class. Results showed that the average aboveground biomass (AGB) of the pan-tropical forest was (155.38 ± 37.16) ×103 kg/hm2, while biomasses of the secondary forest of the lowland and montane rainforests were (137.91 ± 31.02) ×103 and (160.39 ± 42.13) ×103 kg/hm2, respectively. The biomass recovery rate and natural recovery time showed a significant positive correlation through binomial fitting, with more than 70 years required to restore 95% of AGB of the primary forest. In the process of community succession, the species composition and stand structure were constantly changing. The biomass proportion of the large-diameter tree class increased significantly with recovery time, whereas small-diameter trees decreased significantly with recovery time. The biomass ratio of the large-diameter tree class in the early recovery stage accounted for less than 10% of secondary forest, but increased to 20% in the middle recovery period, and reached 70% in primary forest. With ongoing recovery, the biomass ratio of fast-growing tree species in the community decreased by more than 10%,while the ratio of slow-growing tree species in the primary forest increased by 20%-32%. Thus, the AGB recovery rate in tropical secondary forests increased significantly with the increase in recovery time. The composition dynamics of large-diameter trees and slow-growing species during the recovery process are important drivers of forest biomass recovery. The results should help improve our understanding of the dynamic changes in AGB during tropical secondary forest recovery.
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