Effects of different nitrogen forms and ratios on nitrogen metabolism in Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and their physiological mechanisms
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摘要: 以3种不同类型的甘薯（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.）为实验材料，根据氮素的3种形态设置5个配比处理（N1 ～ N5），分别在栽秧后15、25和35 d取样测定甘薯不同器官的氮含量、功能叶氮代谢酶活性变化以及酶调控基因表达情况。结果显示：在同一生育期，N4和N5处理铵态氮和硝态氮配施下植株氮素的积累量明显高于其它处理；在甘薯生长发育前期，叶片含氮量先降低后上升，茎、须根和膨大根以及全株含氮量均呈上升趋势；N4处理能够显著提高硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性；N3处理能够明显提高谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）的活性；NR活性随肥料中硝态氮比例的增加而提高；增加肥料配比中硝态氮比例可使调控NR活性的基因上调表达，N4和N5处理可使GS调控基因上调表达，但抑制GOGAT调控基因的表达。酰胺态氮在前期对氮代谢相关酶调控基因无显著影响。研究结果表明，在甘薯生长发育前期，硝态氮和铵态氮配施能够显著提高氮素积累量、代谢酶活性和调控基因表达量，铵态氮：硝态氮：酰胺态氮=1：2：0的配施方案为本实验条件下的最佳配施组合。Abstract: Three different types of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) were selected as test materials and five nitrogen ratio treatments were established according to three nitrogen forms. Treatments were carried out at 15, 25, and 35 d after planting seedlings. The nitrogen content in different organs, activity of functional leaf nitrogen metabolism enzymes, and expression of enzyme-regulated genes of I. batatas were determined. Results showed that in the same growth period, nitrogen accumulation in plants under the N4 and N5 treatments was significantly higher than that under other treatments; in the early stage of I. batatas growth and development, nitrogen content in the leaves first decreased and then increased, whereas nitrogen content in the stem, fibrous and enlarged roots, and whole plant increased steadily. Moreover, N4 treatment significantly increased the activities of NR, GS, and GDH, while N3 treatment significantly increased the activity of GOGAT. Furthermore, NR activity increased with the increase in the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the fertilizer. NR activity-related genes were up-regulated when the proportion of nitrate nitrogen increased in the fertilizer. GS and GOGAT-related genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, by N4 and N5 treatments. Amide nitrogen had no significant effect on the regulation genes of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in the early stage. These results imply that in the early stage of I. batatas growth and development, the combined application of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen can significantly increase nitrogen accumulation, metabolic enzyme activity, and regulatory gene expression. The nitrogen:nitrate nitrogen:amide nitrogen ratio of 1:2:0 is the best combined application under the experimental conditions.
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