Diversity and distribution of bryophytes and their relationship with environmental factors in Wuhan
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摘要: 对武汉市7个中心城区和部分远郊城区共26个样点73个样地的苔藓群落进行调查，采集苔藓植物样本共431份。经鉴定调查区内共有苔藓植物20科35属91种，其中狭叶小羽藓（Haplocladium angustifolium（Hampe et C.Muell.）Broth.）和钝叶绢藓（Entodon obtusatus Broth.）等为优势种，分布于其中的24个样点。多样性指数分析结果显示，位于青龙山国家森林公园的α多样性Patrick和Shannon-Wiener指数最高，说明该样点苔藓植物群落的复杂程度高，群落所含信息量大。Patrick指数与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析结果显示，土壤含水率和与主要干道距离是显著影响地面生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子，而显著影响树附生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子仅与距主要干道距离相关。用典范对应分析法（CCA）研究26个样点中苔藓植物的盖度与主要环境因子的关系，结果发现人为干扰程度、草本盖度、与城市主要干道的距离等对地面生和树附生苔藓植物的分布都有显著影响。其中地面生苔藓植物的分布受人为干扰和草本盖度影响最为显著；而树附生苔藓植物的分布受附生树干胸径及与主要干道距离影响最为显著。研究结果表明武汉市区苔藓植物的多样性和分布受人为干扰较大，树附生苔藓对汽车尾气等因素更为敏感。Abstract: Bryophyte communities and correlated urban environments in Wuhan were investigated from September to November in 2016. A total of 431 bryophyte specimens were collected from 73 plots in 26 sampling sites along seven central urban areas and suburban areas. We recorded 91 bryophyte species, belonging to 35 genera and 20 families, in the study area. According to the importance values, Haplocladium angustifolium and Entodon obtusatus were the dominant species, and were widely distributed in 24 sites. The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of bryophytes in Qinglongshan national forest park were the highest, suggesting that the bryophyte community was highly complex in this site. According to the Pearson correlation analysis, the environmental factors that affected the diversity of ground bryophytes were soil water content and distance to main roads, with distance to main roads also related to the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the relationships between the various bryophyte species and environmental factors in the 26 sample sites. Results indicated that human disturbance, herb coverage, and distance to main roads had significant impacts on the distribution of ground and epiphytic bryophytes in Wuhan. The effects of human disturbance and herb coverage on the distribution of ground bryophytes were the most significant, whereas tree trunk diameter at breast height and distance to main roads in the city had the most significant effects on the distribution of epiphytic bryophytes. This study illustrated that bryophyte diversity and distribution are impacted by human disturbance in Wuhan, and epiphytic bryophytes are more sensitive to automobile exhaust.
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