Abstract: Orchid plants are of richness in Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve.An investigation shows that there are 134 orchid species belonging to 43 genera in the reserve,accounting for 31.9% of the total genera and 17.2% of the species respectively in Yunnan Province.The orchid plant is the largest family of seed plants in this area.The orchid plants are almostly found in all kinds of vegetation community.Among them epiphytic are dominant,with 90 species(67.16%),and then 42(31.34%) are terrestrial,and 2(1.50%) are saprophytic.The orchid plants flora originate from tropical and temperate zone of new-and-old world,Twenty-eight of the orchid genera(70.0%) are primarily tropical while 11(27.5%) are primarily temperate.In view of the endangerment situation of Xiaoheishan orchid plants and their economic,scientific and cultural values,great attention should be paid on their conservation.Its construction and management,its community economy,scientific research,implement comanage-ment,and propaganda of protecting orchid plants should be reinforced.