Abstract: The rare and endangered plants in Dabie Mountains in Henan Province were investigated,and the analyses of floristic composition,ecological environment and geographic distribution were made.The results show that there are 24 species,which belong to 18 families and 22 genera in Dabie Mt.The statistics of floristic composition indicates that 3 species belong to South China,8 species belong to East China and 10 species belong to Central China.According to the local actual situation, the suggestion of sustainable development and conservation of rare and endangered plants has been given.