Abstract: Some rare and threatened orchids in Baotianman Nature Reserve were concisely depicted. According to the investigation on the spot from Feb. 2002 to Feb. 2003, combined the primary investigation and statistics of Lu Jionglin to the Henan Province rare and threatened plant in 1987, emphasized on some key protected plants of nation and province class, such as Changnienia amoena, Cypripedium japonicum, Cypripedium macranthum, Dendrobium flexicaule,and so on, discussed of its resource situation, geographical distribution, biological characters and ecological surroundings, and analyzed the crisis of the Baotianman Nature Reserve orchid resource faced on. Some recommendations for conservastion and expoitation were put forward: protect the original plant and observe for long period, environmental protection, using the 3-S technique supervision and management of the environment, using morden biology technique to bulid propagation base for ex situ conservation study on sustainabale exploitation step by step.