Abstract: The anatomical results of vegetative organs in Convolvulus arvensis showed that the laminas were amphistomatic leaves,with well-developed palisade and spongy tissues,which centro-vein was amphicribral bundle and one or two assimilating tissue cells were next to epidermis in its abaxial face. The assimilating tissue in aerial shoot was composed of two layers of cells and vascular tissue was continous ring and phloem was located in inner and outer sides of xylem. The structure of rhizoma was the same as that of aerial shoot. The vascular tissue in roots was well developed, which a great number of parenchymous cells and phloem members were both formed by parenchymous cells around vessel of central primary xylem splitting up. The adventitious buds and adventitious roots of rhizoma are formed by action of vascular cambium. The vascular cambium of root can form the adventitious buds.