Abstract: Anew species of Orchidaceae,Paphiopedilum rhizomatosum S.C.Chen et Z.J.Liu (Subgen.Paphiopedilum,Sect.Paphiopedilum),is described and illustrated based on a cultivated plant collected from northern Myanmar.This new species is quite distinct from the species known to us by having a rhizome up to 8～10 cm long and 0.8～1.2 cm thick, and rather stiff roots. It is similar in floral colour and morphology to P.barbigerum Tang et Wang,from which it differs also by having much larger leaves up to 2.5～3.5 cm wide and subtruncate- and mucronate-tipped staminode.