Abstract: Based on allozyme electrophoresis, the genetic diversity and differe ntiation among 6 wild populations of Fagopyrum urophyllum from the counties Kunming, Fumin and Binchuan in the north-central part of Yunnan Province, the county Butuo in the southweast part of Sichuan Province, China, were studied in this paper. The results showed that the genetic diversity within wild population was high. The percentage of loci polymorphism (P) was 50.0%, the means of expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.251 and 0.471, respectively . The genetic variation between cultivated buckwheat and wild population was compared.