Abstract: The anthers of Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum(L.) Sendt. with uni-nucleus microspore stage were cultured in the MS basal medium and treated by the solution of maleic hydrazide 100, 300, 500, 2000 ppm, respectively. Cytochemical methods showed the form of microspore and distribution of polysaccharide, protein, nucleic acid and ATPase in the anthers.It was showed from the result, several changes were appeared both external morphology and internal structure of the anther. The content of polysaccharides, protein were reduced in the microspore. The nucleic acid showed no tendency of reduction, but the active of ATPase was lower than control group.Probably, the male sterility of anther was due to the inhibition of ATPase by maleic hydrazide.