Abstract: Our survey of the flora of Yinggeling Nature Reserve revealed 79 species of rare and endangered plants in 47 families and 71 genera,including 6 fern species,9 gymnosperm species and 69 angiosperm species.Among them,four species are under Class I National Protection including Cycas hainanensis,Hopea hainanensis,Cycas taiwaniana,Bretschneidera sinensis,14 species are under Class Ⅱ Protection base the National Protection List gazetted in 1999.18 species are proposed to be included into national protection list,and 20 species in provincial level,in which 30 species are endemic to Hainan.The threatened species are mainly caused by decrease of coverage of primary forests and over-exploitation.Recommendations on conservations of these rare and endangered species are made,and 6 sites with particular plant conservation importance are suggested for priority protection.