Abstract: Nitrogen is a major component of living organisms and an essential nutrient for plant growth. To cope with fluctuations in nitrogen signals in the soil, plants must finely regulate root architecture through a series of complex signaling pathways to optimize nitrogen uptake efficiency. This review summarizes the receptors involved in perceiving nitrogen signals in plant roots and the specific mechanisms regulating root development. It also elaborates on the cross-talk between nitrogen signaling pathways, plant hormones, and other molecules, providing new research perspectives on how plant roots perceive and respond to nitrogen signals.