Abstract: Plant sex differentiation is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, phytohormones, and environmental conditions. Sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes play a central role in regulating the development of male and female reproductive organs. Phytohormones are also key regulators in the process of plant sex differentiation, while various environmental factors impact the expression of plant sex. This paper reviews the current research on sex differentiation in higher plants, focusing on genetic determinants, phytohormonal regulation, and environmental factors. The aim of this review is to provide a reference for further in-depth study of plant sex regulation networks.