基于形态学性状的洪平杏与近缘种种间关系研究

刘志娥; 屈定镰; 谭霄华; 胡丹; 杜巍; 汪小凡

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23093

基于形态学性状的洪平杏与近缘种种间关系研究

刘志娥^{1, 3,},
屈定镰²,
谭霄华²,
胡丹¹,
杜巍^1, ,,
汪小凡¹

1.
武汉大学生命科学学院，武汉 430072
2.
神农架林区林业管理局，湖北神农架 442499
3.
太原市第三十七中学，太原 030012

基金项目: 湖北省科技重大专项（2020ACA007）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘志娥（1992−），女，硕士，研究方向为植物系统学与进化生物学（E-mail：15071231349@163.com）

通讯作者:
杜巍: E-mail：wdu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S662.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-30
- 录用日期: 2023-05-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-28

Interspecific relationship between Armeniaca hongpingensis T. T. Yu & C. L. Li and related species based on morphological characters

Liu Zhie^{1, 3,},
Qu Dinglian²,
Tan Xiaohua²,
Hu Dan¹,
Du Wei^1, ,,
Wang Xiaofan¹

1.
College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2.
Shennongjia Forestry Administration, Shennongjia, Hubei 442499, China
3.
Tai Yuan No.37 Middle School, Taiyuan 030012, China

摘要

摘要:
本研究通过野外调查获得洪平杏（Armeniaca hongpingensis T. T. Yu & C. L. Li）、杏（A. vulgaris Lam.）、梅（A. mume Siebold）和杏梅（ A. mume var. bungo Makino）有关的叶、花、果、果核及枝条的21个定量性状和15个定性性状，并对这些数据进行了聚类分析。结果显示，无论是PAM聚类还是UPGMA聚类分析都可清晰地将4种杏属植物分开，说明物种之间具有明显的区分特征。主成分分析的前3个主成分中，一年生枝颜色、被毛情况，叶及果实被毛，叶形指标（叶形、叶尖、叶基）和果核表面特征的绝对权重值都在0.9以上，表明这些性状在4种杏属植物的分类中具有重要的作用。电镜扫描观察结果发现，供试花粉均是单粒花粉，等极，辐射对称，具3孔萌发沟。杏、梅、杏梅的花粉表面纹饰均为条纹状，但洪平杏的表面纹饰为间断条纹，且有不明显穿孔。4种植物叶上表皮细胞均具条纹状角质增厚。与其他种相比，洪平杏细胞表面条纹常弯曲、交叠，无固定走向。根据聚类分析结果和微形态特征，支持将洪平杏作为区别于梅和杏的一个独立种的处理。
- 洪平杏 /
- 种间关系 /
- 微形态 /
- 孢粉学
Abstract:
Armeniaca hongpingensis T. T. Yu & C. L. Li is a critically endangered species distributed only in Hongping Town, Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China. According to the Flora of China, A. hongpingensis and A. mume var. bungo Makino may be natural hybrids of A. mume Lam. and A. vulgaris Siebold. To date, however, no morphological study on the relationship between A. hongpingensis, A. vulgaris, A. mume, and A. mume var. bungo has been conducted. Through field investigations, 21 quantitative and 15 qualitative leaf, flower, fruit, kernel, and branch characters were obtained, followed by cluster analysis. Results showed that both PAM and UPGMA cluster analysis clearly divided the specimens into four species, indicating obvious distinguishing characters among them. Based on principal component analysis, the absolute weight values of annual branch color and hair-covering status, hair-covering status of leaf and fruit, leaf shape index (leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf base), and surface characters of kernel in the first three principal components were all above 0.9, indicating that these traits play important roles in the classification of the four Armeniaca species. Based on electron microscopy, the pollen grains were identified as single grain (monads), isopolar, radially symmetrical, and tri-colporate. The pollen surfaces of A. vulgaris, A. mume, and A. mume var. bungo were striate-ornamented, while the pollen of A. hongpingensis was discontinuously striped and showed inconspicuous perforation. The epidermal cells of the leaves of the four plants all showed striate keratinization. Compared to the other species, the stripes on the cell surface of A. hongpingensis were often curved, overlapped, and without fixed direction. According to cluster analysis and micromorphological characters, A. hongpingensis should be treated as an independent species from A. vulgaris and A. mume.
- Armeniaca hongpingensis /
- Interspecific relationship /
- Micromorphology /
- Palynology
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图 1 洪平杏及其近缘种叶及果核形态特征

A、A’、E：洪平杏（Armeniaca hongpingensis）；B、B’、F：杏（A. armeniaca）；C、C’、G：梅（A. mume）；D、D’、H：杏梅（A. mume var. bungo）。

Figure 1. Morphological characters of leaves and kernels

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图 2 洪平杏及近缘种的PAM和UPGMA聚类分析

Figure 2. PAM and UPGMA cluster analysis of Armeniaca hongpingensis and related species

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图 3 叶背表皮毛（A~D）、气孔（E~H）、叶正面表皮细胞（I~L）及花粉（M~T）电镜扫描图

A、E、I、M、Q：洪平杏（Armeniaca hongpingensis）；B、F、J、N、R：杏（A. vulgaris）；C、G、K、O、S：梅（A. mume）；D、H、L、P、T：杏梅（A. mume var. bungo）。

Figure 3. Morphological characters of trichome (A–D), stomata (E–H) on leaf abaxial surface, epidermal cell on leaf adaxial surface (I–L), and pollen (M–T)

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表 1 洪平杏及其近缘种定性性状及其赋值

Table 1 Selected characters and values for Armeniaca hongpingensis and related species

性状 Characters	性状分类及赋值 Classification and values of characters
一年生枝颜色	浅绿色—0	红褐色—1	紫红色—2	深紫色—3
一年生枝被毛	无—0	有—1
叶形	宽卵圆形—0	椭圆到椭圆状卵形—1	卵圆形—2
叶尖	短渐尖至急尖—0	长渐尖至尾尖—1	尾尖—2
叶基	宽楔形至圆形—0	圆形至近心形—1
叶缘	细锐锯齿—0	圆钝锯齿—1
叶柄腺体	无—0	有—1
叶片正面被毛	无—0	有—1
叶片背面被毛	无—0	有（密被浅黄褐色柔毛）—1
叶脉被毛	无或具短柔毛—0	密被浅黄褐色柔毛—1
果实被毛	微被短柔毛—0	密被浅黄褐色柔毛—1
核形	卵圆形—0	圆形—1
核顶端	圆钝—0	小钝尖—1	急尖—2
核表面	光滑或稍粗糙—0	蜂窝状孔穴—1
核腹面	龙骨状棱—0	纵沟—1

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表 2 洪平杏、梅、杏梅及杏的数量性状

Table 2 Morphological quantitative characters of Armeniaca hongpingensis, A. mume, A. mume var. bungo, and A. vulgaris (mean±SD)

性状 Characters / mm	洪平杏 A. hongpingensis	杏 A. vulgaris	梅 A. mume	杏梅 A. mume var. bungo
叶长	121.22±21.04a	64.49±11.52d	79.22±8.71c	108.86±6.22b
叶宽	57.34±11.37a	50.12±8.49b	41.52±4.63c	61.12±4.94a
叶柄长	17.15±1.74c	24.73±4.92a	11.14±1.58d	18.67±2.18b
叶长/宽	2.13±0.15a	1.29±0.10d	1.91±0.16b	1.79±0.12c
叶柄长/叶长	0.15±0.03c	0.39±0.06a	0.14±0.02d	0.17±0.02b
花冠直径	35.61±2.48a	25.95±1.20c	24.14±0.87d	31.46±2.21b
花梗长	4.19±0.72a	1.33±0.25d	3.47±0.39b	2.70±0.23c
花瓣长	19.09±1.18a	13.00±0.70c	12.14±1.06d	13.89±1.00b
花瓣宽	14.99±1.57a	12.23±0.94b	10.50±1.10c	14.58±1.11a
萼片长	5.11±0.40a	5.05±0.43a	4.43±0.32b	5.07±0.32a
萼片宽	3.55±0.31c	4.53±0.42a	3.73±0.29bc	3.84±0.33b
果长	33.52±1.71c	34.18±3.32a	33.9±1.64b	29.89±1.64c
果宽	33.52±1.70b	35.28±1.96a	28.1±2.13c	35.88±3.76a
果厚	30.55±1.53b	35.2±2.04a	26.5±1.65c	32.10±4.13b
果长宽比	1.09±0.04a	0.096±0.03c	1.04±0.05b	0.99±0.06c
果宽厚比	1.10±0.04a	1.00±0.04c	1.06±0.04b	1.12±0.06a
核长	25.12±1.66a	20.66±0.83c	20.85±2.16c	23.36±1.88b
核宽	17.36±1.19b	16.25±0.58c	14.22±1.32d	19.6±1.55a
核厚	10.27±0.68c	9.52±0.4d	11.23±0.73b	15.09±1.15a
核长宽比	1.45±0.10a	1.27±0.03b	1.48±0.18a	1.19±0.05c
核宽厚比	1.69±0.09a	1.71±0.05a	1.26±0.07b	1.30±0.04b
注：同行不同字母代表差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。
Note: Different letters on same line represent significant differences (P<0.05). Same below.

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表 3 杏属4种植物的叶表面气孔及条纹数量特征

Table 3 Stomata and stripe quantitative characters on leaf abaxial surface of four Armeniaca species

性状Characters	洪平杏 A. hongpingensis	杏 A. vulgaris	梅 A. mume	杏梅 A. mume var. bungo
气孔长 / μm	20.96±2.02a	28.00±2.47b	20.92±2.03a	20.67±1.11a
气孔宽 / μm	15.82±1.04a	22.15±2.21c	17.06±1.41b	17.10±1.32b
气孔密度 / ind/mm²	549.25±114.02a	361.00±93.45c	809.63±159.25b	809.25±88.73b
条纹数	11.18±2.19a	8.61±2.40c	18.39±5.30b	9.32±2.30c
条纹宽 / μm	0.84±0.13a	1.29±0.16c	0.67±0.13b	0.87±0.12a

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表 4 杏属4种植物的花粉形态、大小及表面条纹比较

Table 4 Comparison of pollen morphology, size, and stripes among four species of Armeniaca

性状 Characters	洪平杏 A. hongpingensis	杏 A. vulgaris	梅 A. mume	杏梅 A. mume var. bungo
花粉形态	长球形	长球形	长球形	长球形
对称性与极性	等级辐射对称	等级辐射对称	等级辐射对称	等级辐射对称
外壁纹饰	间断粗条纹，走向不规则	细条纹，走向规则	粗条纹，走向规则	粗条纹，走向略不规则
极轴长（P）/ μm	33.08±1.62a	33.61±1.75a	31.18±1.13b	32.54±1.47ab
赤道轴长（E） / μm	24.59±0.76a	23.21±1.50c	20.50±1.56b	23.00±1.34c
P/E	1.35±0.09a	1.45±0.13bc	1.53±0.12b	1.42±0.12ac
条纹宽 / μm	0.34±0.07a	0.16±0.03b	0.35±0.04a	0.34±0.04a

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期刊类型引用(2)

1.	Qichi Yang，Hehe Zhang，Lihui Wang，Feng Ling，Zhengxiang Wang，Tingting Li，Jinliang Huang. Topography and soil content contribute to plant community composition and structure in subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forests. Plant Diversity. 2021(04): 264-274 . 必应学术
2.	董雪，李永华，辛智鸣，段瑞兵，姚斌，包岩峰，黄雅茹，张正国. 河西走廊西段戈壁灌木群落多样性及其分布格局研究. 干旱区地理. 2020(06): 1514-1522 . 百度学术