Regulatory effects of fertilization on root morphology and needle physiological characteristics of Pinus armandii Franch. container seedlings
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摘要:
以华山松（Pinus armandii Franch.）容器苗为材料，设置常规施肥和指数施肥两种施肥方式，每种施肥方式每株共施含氮（N）量为100、200、300和400 mg的复合肥，以不施肥处理为对照，分析施肥对苗木生长、根系形态和针叶生理的影响。结果显示：常规和指数施肥方式下，随施肥量的增加，苗高、地径、生物量、根长、根表面积和根体积等均先增后降，根组织密度、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量则先降后升；比根长和比表面积随施肥量增加而降低；根平均直径、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量则随施肥量增加而增加；相同施肥量下，以上指标基本以指数施肥的较高；指数施肥每株施N 300 mg（E300处理）的隶属函数综合得分最高。研究结果表明，合理施肥可促进根系发育、改善苗木生理水平，进而提高苗木质量，合理施肥处理为E300。
Abstract:This study explored the growth, root morphology, and physiological characteristics of Pinus armandii Franch. container seedlings under different fertilization treatments to reveal the regulatory effects of fertilization on seedling quality. The P. armandii container seedlings were grown under four fertilizer rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/seedling) with either conventional or exponential fertilization, with no fertilization serving as a control. The effects of fertilization on growth, root morphology, and physiological characteristics were then analyzed. Results showed that under both conventional and exponential fertilization, seedling height, root collar diameter, biomass, root length, root surface area, and root volume all initially increased and then decreased, while root tissue density and soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents initially decreased and then increased with the increase in fertilizer application rates. Furthermore, as fertilizer application increased, specific root length and specific surface area decreased while root average diameter and free proline and soluble protein contents increased. Most indices were higher under exponential fertilization than conventional fertilization at the same fertilizer rate. The E300 treatment (exponential fertilization at 300 mg N per plant) yielded the highest comprehensive score. In conclusion, rational fertilization promoted seedling growth and root development and improved the physiology of P. armandii container seedlings, with the optimal fertilization treatment being exponential fertlization at 300 mg N per plant.
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图 1 华山松容器苗生长动态
虚线表示苗木初始生长量，不同小写字母表示同一时间处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。
Figure 1. Growth dynamics of Pinus armandii container seedlings
Dotted line indicates initial growth; different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the same time (P < 0.05).
表 1 实验处理及施肥安排表
Table 1 Treatment and fertilization schedule
施肥时间
TimeCK 常规施肥
Conventional fertilization / mg/plant指数施肥
Exponential fertilization / mg/plantC100 C200 C300 C400 E100 E200 E300 E400 4月3日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 4月17日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.2 5月1日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.3 5月15日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 2.4 3.6 4.4 5.0 5月29日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 3.3 5.1 6.4 7.6 6月12日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 4.4 7.2 9.5 11.5 6月26日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 6.0 10.3 14.0 17.4 7月10日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 8.0 14.2 20.6 25.5 7月24日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 9.9 20.4 27.4 36.2 8月7日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 14.6 29.8 44.8 59.7 8月21日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 19.7 42.5 66.1 90.1 9月3日 0.0 8.3 16.7 25.0 33.3 26.5 60.6 97.4 136.0 总施氮量 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 
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表 2 施肥对华山松容器苗根系形态的影响
Table 2 Effects of fertilization on root morphology of Pinus armandii container seedlings
处理
Treatment根表面积
Root surface area /cm2比表面积
Specific surface area / cm2/g根体积
Root volume / cm3组织密度
Tissue density / g/cm平均直径
Average diameter / mmCK 42.0 ± 4.4b 187.2 ± 9.3a 0.196 ± 0.014c 1.107 ± 0.047b 0.274 ± 0.013e C100 44.9 ± 5.0ab 161.1 ± 6.5b 0.303 ± 0.017b 0.897 ± 0.021cd 0.314 ± 0.025d C200 48.9 ± 2.0ab 145.2 ± 4.0bc 0.368 ± 0.016ab 0.754 ± 0.033d 0.447 ± 0.026bc C300 24.8 ± 1.7bc 113.4 ± 6.6d 0.215 ± 0.012bc 1.034 ± 0.027bc 0.496 ± 0.011b C400 16.7 ± 1.1c 89.0 ± 5.0e 0.159 ± 0.014c 1.233 ± 0.023a 0.603 ± 0.014a E100 43.6 ± 2.6ab 165.5 ± 7.2b 0.262 ± 0.014bc 1.094 ± 0.087b 0.295 ± 0.017de E200 43.8 ± 3.5ab 157.1 ± 6.0b 0.299 ± 0.014b 0.960 ± 0.029c 0.378 ± 0.026c E300 51.8 ± 3.4a 171.0 ± 5.3ab 0.415 ± 0.015a 0.731 ± 0.019d 0.473 ± 0.022b E400 32.7 ± 2.2bc 137.9 ± 4.6c 0.263 ± 0.017bc 0.949 ± 0.038c 0.660 ± 0.023a 效应 R ** ** ** ns ns L ** ** ** ** ** R × L ** ** ** * ns 注：不同小写字母表示同列不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。“*”表示影响显著（P < 0.05），“**”表示影响极显著 (P < 0.01)，“ns”表示影响不显著（P ≥ 0.05）。下同。 Notes: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). “*” indicates significant effect (P < 0.05), “**” indicates extremely significant effect (P < 0.01), “ns” indicates no significant effect (P ≥ 0.05). Same below.
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表 3 施肥对华山松容器苗根长的影响
Table 3 Effects of fertilization on root length of Pinus armandii container seedlings
处理
Treatment小细根长
Capillary root
length / cm细根长
Fine root
length / cm总根长
Total root
length / cm小细根长比
Proportion of capillary
root length / %比根长
Specific root
length / cm/gCK 185.9 ± 13.4b 29.6 ± 2.4d 215.5 ± 14.0b 86.2 ± 10.2a 1103.9 ± 44.3a C100 205.4 ± 14.3ab 61.1 ± 6.7bc 266.6 ± 20.2ab 77.1 ± 5.8ab 958.4 ± 31.4b C200 147.7 ± 8.2bc 77.8 ± 4.9b 225.5 ± 10.0b 65.5 ± 7.5b 845.3 ± 22.7bc C300 65.9 ± 4.1c 60.3 ± 3.9bc 126.3 ± 6.2c 52.3 ± 5.6c 584.5 ± 31.8c C400 34.9 ± 2.7d 41.1 ± 2.4c 76.0 ± 4.3d 45.9 ± 3.3d 422.7 ± 38.5d E100 228.8 ± 12.6a 42.6 ± 2.4c 271.4 ± 12.3ab 84.3 ± 8.0a 1039.1 ± 35.4b E200 217.9 ± 13.8a 68.6 ± 5.7bc 296.6 ± 17.7a 76.9 ± 4.9ab 1004.5 ± 39.2b E300 180.8 ± 9.1b 110.1 ± 13.0a 291.0 ± 14.3a 60.8 ± 6.1b 976.0 ± 30.0b E400 62.6 ± 4.3c 83.3 ± 9.3b 146.0 ± 11.2c 43.0 ± 5.7d 612.9 ± 29.3c 效应 R ** ** ** ns ** L ** ** ** ** ** R × L ** ** ** ns **
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表 4 施肥对华山松容器苗光合色素含量的影响
Table 4 Effects of fertilization on photosynthetic pigment content in Pinus armandii container seedlings
处理
Treatment叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a / mg/g FW叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b / mg/g FW总叶绿素
Total chlorophyll / mg/g FW类胡萝卜素
Carotenoid / mg/g FWCK 0.962 ± 0.023b 0.346 ± 0.020a 1.31 ± 0.04b 0.291 ± 0.012ab C100 1.101 ± 0.048ab 0.346 ± 0.010a 1.45 ± 0.06ab 0.290 ± 0.014ab C200 1.008 ± 0.081ab 0.332 ± 0.023ab 1.34 ± 0.10ab 0.289 ± 0.026ab C300 0.800 ± 0.086bc 0.267 ± 0.023c 1.07 ± 0.11bc 0.245 ± 0.022bc C400 0.728 ± 0.082c 0.243 ± 0.024c 0.97 ± 0.11c 0.221 ± 0.021c E100 1.159 ± 0.040a 0.357 ± 0.014a 1.52 ± 0.05a 0.333 ± 0.011a E200 1.132 ± 0.078a 0.371 ± 0.024a 1.50 ± 0.10a 0.325 ± 0.019a E300 1.034 ± 0.062ab 0.350 ± 0.019a 1.38 ± 0.08ab 0.309 ± 0.028ab E400 0.944 ± 0.046b 0.285 ± 0.013b 1.23 ± 0.06b 0.256 ± 0.006b 效应 R ** ** ** ** L ** ** ** ** R × L ns ns ns ns
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表 5 施肥对华山松容器苗渗透调节物质含量的影响
Table 5 Effects of fertilization on content of osmotic regulation substances in Pinus armandii container seedlings
处理
Treatment可溶性糖
Soluble sugar / mg/g DW游离脯氨酸
Free proline / mg/g FW可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein / mg/g FW丙二醛
MDA / mg/g FWCK 72.3 ± 2.9a 0.0320 ± 0.0040c 0.353 ± 0.049d 46.6 ± 4.9b C100 58.2 ± 6.5b 0.0409 ± 0.0021b 0.410 ± 0.015cd 38.2 ± 4.1bc C200 48.1 ± 2.6bc 0.0561 ± 0.0051ab 0.491 ± 0.062c 33.2 ± 2.0c C300 44.4 ± 2.1c 0.0614 ± 0.0051ab 0.560 ± 0.031bc 42.7 ± 3.3b C400 58.1 ± 1.7b 0.0633 ± 0.0031ab 0.569 ± 0.026bc 53.0 ± 4.7ab E100 47.5 ± 3.8bc 0.0611 ± 0.0020ab 0.648 ± 0.020ab 28.0 ± 4.8d E200 43.1 ± 3.9c 0.0612 ± 0.0053ab 0.583 ± 0.047b 30.1 ± 3.3c E300 46.4 ± 2.4bc 0.0689 ± 0.0056a 0.651 ± 0.052b 44.5 ± 3.4b E400 54.2 ± 1.1bc 0.0711 ± 0.0085a 0.761 ± 0.043a 69.2 ± 5.4a 效应 R ns ** * ns L ** ** ** ** R × L ns ns ns *
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表 6 华山松苗木生长、根系形态及生理效应隶属度分析
Table 6 Membership degree analysis of growth, root morphology, and physiological properties
指标 Index CK C100 C200 C300 C400 E100 E200 E300 E400 苗高 0.00 0.63 0.69 0.97 0.81 0.19 0.50 1.00 0.84 地径 0.00 0.42 0.72 0.56 0.22 0.11 0.67 1.00 0.47 生物量 0.00 0.64 0.78 0.55 0.23 0.50 0.68 1.00 0.66 毛细根长 0.88 0.83 0.58 0.16 0.00 1.00 0.89 0.75 0.14 细根长 0.00 0.39 0.60 0.38 0.14 0.16 0.48 1.00 0.67 总根长 0.74 0.84 0.70 0.23 0.00 0.91 0.93 1.00 0.33 比根长 1.00 0.78 0.61 0.23 0.00 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.28 根表面积 0.72 0.81 0.63 0.23 0.00 0.77 0.77 1.00 0.46 比表面积 1.00 0.73 0.57 0.25 0.00 0.78 0.69 0.83 0.50 根体积 0.15 0.56 0.82 0.22 0.00 0.40 0.55 1.00 0.41 组织密度 0.74 0.33 0.05 0.60 0.99 0.72 0.45 0.00 0.43 平均直径 0.00 0.18 0.67 0.82 1.00 0.06 0.62 0.83 1.11 叶绿素a 0.54 0.86 0.65 0.17 0.00 1.00 0.94 0.71 0.50 叶绿素b 0.81 0.80 0.69 0.19 0.00 0.89 1.00 0.84 0.33 总叶绿素 0.62 0.87 0.67 0.18 0.00 1.00 0.97 0.76 0.47 类胡萝卜素 0.63 0.61 0.61 0.21 0.00 1.00 0.93 0.78 0.31 可溶性糖 1.00 0.52 0.17 0.04 0.51 0.15 0.00 0.11 0.38 脯氨酸 0.00 0.23 0.62 0.75 0.80 0.74 0.74 0.94 1.00 可溶性蛋白 0.00 0.14 0.34 0.51 0.53 0.72 0.56 0.73 1.00 丙二醛 0.55 0.75 0.87 0.89 0.39 1.00 0.95 0.60 0.00 均值 0.469 0.595 0.602 0.406 0.282 0.650 0.709 0.784 0.514 排序 7 4 5 8 9 3 2 1 6
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