Responses of seed viability and germination in four Caragana species when buried in soil under snow cover in Xinjiang
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摘要:
种子贮藏之后的生活力和萌发能力取决于贮藏期间的环境和种子特性。季节性积雪通过补充水源、调节近地表温度、湿度等条件而影响土壤中种子的生活力和萌发能力。本文以新疆野生准噶尔锦鸡儿（Caragana soongorica Grub.）、特克斯锦鸡儿（C. tekesiensis Y. Z. Zhao & D. W. Zhou）、刺叶锦鸡儿（C. acanthophylla Kom.）和荒漠锦鸡儿（C. roborovskyi Kom.）种子为对象，通过模拟积雪覆盖和室内萌发实验，研究了4种植物在雪下贮藏近5个月后种子的生活力和萌发能力。结果显示：与无积雪覆盖相比，积雪覆盖下准噶尔锦鸡儿种子的生活力丧失最多，达36%，刺叶锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿下降不到3%，特克斯锦鸡儿无明显变化。积雪覆盖下4种锦鸡儿的种子萌发率为37%～84%，与无积雪覆盖的差异不显著。积雪覆盖使刺叶锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿少部分种子在野外提前萌发。建议刺叶锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿在初冬下雪前播种，而准噶尔锦鸡儿和特克斯锦鸡儿可于次年春季播种。
Abstract:The viability and germination capacity of seeds after storage depends on the environment and seed characteristics during storage. Seasonal snow cover affects seed viability and germination ability in soil by supplementing water sources and regulating near-surface temperature and humidity. In this study, the viability and germination ability of seeds of wild Caragana soongorica Grub., C. tekesiensis Y. Z. Zhao & D. W. Zhou, C. acanthophylla Kom., and C. roborovskyi Kom. from Xinjiang were studied through simulated snow cover and indoor germination experiments after nearly 5 months storage under snow. Compared to their respective viabilities with no snow cover, results demonstrated a 36% decline in seed viability for C. soongorica and a 3% decline in seed viability for C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi under snow cover, while C. tekesiensis remained unaffected. The germination rates of the four Caragana species under snow cover ranged from 37% to 84%, which was not significantly different from that without snow cover. Under snow cover, some C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi seeds germinated early in the field. Thus, it is recommended to sow C. acanthophylla and C. roborovskyi before snowfall in early winter, while C. soongorica and C. tekesiensis can be sown in the spring of the following year.
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Keywords:
- Snow cover /
- Seed viability /
- Seed germination /
- Caragana
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图 1 有、无积雪处理下4种锦鸡儿属植物种子萌发及生活力
Cs：准噶尔锦鸡儿；Ct： 特克斯锦鸡儿；Cr： 荒漠锦鸡儿；Ca：刺叶锦鸡儿。不同小写字母表示处理间在 P < 0.05 水平上差异显著。
Figure 1. Seed germination and viability of four Caragana species treated with and without snow
Cs: Caragana soongorica; Ct: Caragana tekesiensis; Cr: Caragana roborovskyi; Ca: Caragana acanthophylla. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level.
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图 2 2019年11月 - 2020年3月种子埋放期间（A）及种子所处最冷日（B）和最热日（C）土壤温度变化
Figure 2. Changes in soil temperature during seed embedding period (A) on coldest day (B) and hottest day (C) where seeds were located from November 2019 to March 2020
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图 3 2019年11月 - 2020年3月种子埋放期间（A）及种子所处最冷日（B）和最热日（C）土壤湿度变化
Figure 3. Changes in soil humidity during seed embedding period (A) on coldest day (B) and hottest day (C) where seeds were located from November 2019 to March 2020
表 1 种子采集地、生境和气候（气候数据为1989-2018年的平均值，由乌鲁木齐气象局提供）
Table 1 Seed collection site, habitat, and climate (climate data are averages from 1989 to 2018, provided by the Urumqi Meteorological Bureau)
物种
Species采种地
Site经纬度
Longitude and latitude海拔
Altitude / m年均气温
Average annual
temperature / ℃年均降水量
Average annual
precipitation / mm生境
Habitat准噶尔锦鸡儿
Caragana soongorica玛纳斯 43º53'42.8"N，86º13'39.9"E 1 406 7.5 237.7 荒漠草地 特克斯锦鸡儿
Caragana tekesiensis特克斯 43º09'43.4''N，81º45'11.2''E 1 263 5.3 375.0 荒漠草地 刺叶锦鸡儿
Caragana acanthophylla乌鲁木齐 42º45'32.2"N，86º37'33.0"E 1 001 6.4 236.0 荒漠草地 荒漠锦鸡儿
Caragana roborovskyi达坂城 43º34'33.9"N，88º16'29.0"E 1 103 6.6 72.0 荒漠 
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表 2 有、无积雪下贮藏后4种植物种子在室温下的萌发率和萌发速度
Table 2 Germination percentage and germination rate of seeds at room temperature after storage with and without snow
物种
Species处理
Treatment萌发率和萌发速度
Germination percentage and rateGP / % T50 / d 准噶尔锦鸡儿 有雪 37 ± 3.4Ca 11 ± 1.5Aa 无雪 30 ± 4.8Ba 14 ± 1.2Aa 特克斯锦鸡儿 有雪 58 ± 4.8Ba 10 ± 2.4Aa 无雪 55 ± 5.2Aa 11 ± 2.8ABa 荒漠锦鸡儿 有雪 84 ± 5.7Aa 6 ± 1.3Aa 无雪 83 ± 5.7Aa 6 ± 0.5Ba 刺叶锦鸡儿 有雪 62 ± 4.8Ca 8 ± 0.9Aa 无雪 66 ± 4.8Ba 9 ± 1.7ABa 注：数据均为平均值 ± 标准误，不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05），不同大写字母表示不同物种间差异显著（P < 0.05）。 Notes: All data are average values ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in seed germination percentage and germination rate between treatments (P < 0.05), and different capital letters indicate significant differences in seed germination percentage and germination rate between species (P < 0.05).
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