Dynamic changes in fruit growth and development of Actinidia ‘Jinyuan’ in two regions
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摘要:
以丹江口和武汉两个地区生产的猕猴桃（Actinidia）品种‘金圆’为研究对象，对果实单果重、纵横侧径、干物质、可溶性固形物、硬度、果肉颜色、可溶性总糖和总酸等指标进行了测定与分析。结果显示：两地果实的纵横侧径和单果重均表现出快速增长-缓慢增长-增长停滞的变化趋势，其中盛花期后57 d内为快速增长阶段。干物质、可溶性固形物、果肉颜色和硬度等果实成熟度指标在两个地区生长期内均表现出高度相似的变化趋势，但是武汉产的果实干物质含量略低于丹江口果实，其硬度又高于丹江口果实。干物质至盛花期后135 d时上升至初步稳定水平；可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖均在盛花期后127 d才开始快速上升，至盛花期后148 d时分别达到约8%和3.5%；果实硬度和果肉颜色均表现为逐渐下降的趋势，其中果实硬度至盛花期后168 d开始急剧下降，果肉颜色至盛花期后155 d下降至103 °hue。综合考虑，‘金圆’果实的适宜采收期应该从盛花期后150 ~ 155 d开始。
Abstract:To elucidate the growth and development of the Actinidia cultivar ‘Jinyuan’ and thus provide guidelines for the development of supported cultivation technology and determination of proper harvest time, fruit grown in the Danjiangkou (DJK) and Wuhan (WH) orchards were regularly measured and analyzed in regard to fruit weight, size, dry matter, soluble solids concentration (SSC), firmness, flesh color, soluble sugar, and total acidity. Results indicated that the size (vertical, horizontal, and lateral diameter) and weight of the fruit grown in both orchards showed a rapid-slow-cease growth trend, and the rapid growth stage mainly occurred within 57 d after full bloom (DAFB). Maturity indices, including dry matter, SSC, flesh color, and firmness, revealed strongly similar patterns during the whole growth period in both orchards, although dry matter was slightly lower and firmness was slightly higher in fruit from WH than from DJK. Dry matter increased to a primary plateau at 135 DAFB. Both SSC and soluble sugar began to increase rapidly from 127 DAFB and reached 8% and 3.5%, respectively, at 148 DAFB. Both fruit firmness and flesh color gradually declined with growth time, with firmness beginning to decline largely at 168 DAFB and flesh color decreasing to 103° hue at 155 DAFB. Taken together, ‘Jinyuan’ fruit should be properly harvested at 150–155 DAFB.
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Keywords:
- Actinidia /
- ‘Jinyuan’ /
- Fruit /
- Growth and development /
- Maturity
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图 1 丹江口和武汉生长的‘金圆’果实生长趋势
A ~ D为树上固定果实的生长趋势。A：果实纵横侧径；B：果形指数；C：纵横侧径的生长速率；D：果实体积；E、F：下树后果实的生长趋势（E为单果重，F为果实体积）。
Figure 1. Growth trends of ‘Jinyuan’ fruit on and off vine grown in Danjiangkou (DJK) and Wuhan (WH) orchards
A–D indicate growth of fruit fixed on vine during whole period. A: Length of fruit vertical diameter (VD), horizontal diameter (HD), and lateral diameter (LD); B: Fruit shape index based on ratio of VD/HD and HD/LD; C: Growth rates of VD, HD, and LD; D: Fruit size based on VD, HD, and LD data. E and F indicate growth of fruit detached from vine during monitoring period (E, fresh weight of single fruit; F, fruit volume calculated from VD, HD, and LD data).
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图 2 ‘金圆’果实重量与果实体积的相关性分析及预测单果重变化
A、B：丹江口（A）和武汉（B）生产的‘金圆’果实重量与体积的相关性分析; C、D：丹江口（C）和武汉（D）生产的‘金圆’在生长期内的预测单果重变化。单果重的预测基于图1中固定在树上的果实体积数据。
Figure 2. Correlation analysis of fruit weight and volume and change in predicted weight of ‘Jinyuan’ fruit
A, B: Correlation analysis of fruit weight and volume of ‘Jinyuan’ produced in Danjiangkou (A) and Wuhan orchards (B); C, D: Change in predicted weight of ‘Jinyuan’ fruit on vines during growth period in Danjiangkou (C) and Wuhan (D) orchards. Volume data of fruit fixed on vines in Fig. 1 were used to predict fruit weight.
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图 3 丹江口和武汉产的‘金圆’果实成熟度变化
A：干物质；B：硬度；C：果肉颜色；D：可溶性固形物。
Figure 3. Maturity changes in ‘Jinyuan’ fruit produced from Danjiangkou and Wuhan orchards during growth
A: Dry matter; B: Firmness; C: Flesh color; D: Soluble solids content.
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图 4 丹江口和武汉产的‘金圆’果实成熟度指标之间的相关性系数
供相关性分析的各成熟度指标数据来源于果实近成熟期内的数据，丹江口为盛花期后127 ~ 189 d内（n = 209），武汉为盛花期后120 ~ 162 d内（n = 140）。
Figure 4. Correlation coefficients among maturity indices of ‘Jinyuan’ fruit grown in Danjiangkou and Wuhan orchards
Data used for correlation analysis were derived from the near-maturity period of fruit growth, 127–189 DAFB for Danjiangkou fruit (n = 209) and 120–162 DAFB for Wuhan fruit (n = 140).
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