Abstract: Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth. (Nianyazai) is a medicinal and edible species endemic to the Lingnan region of China, recognized for its extensive pharmacological and nutritional properties. This study presents the first comprehensive identification and characterization of AP2/ERF transcription factors in the G. oblongifolia transcriptome. A total of 111 members were identified and classified into five subfamilies: 66 ERFs, 32 DREBs, nine AP2s, three RAVs, and one Soloist, based on phylogenetic relationships and conserved domain architecture. Analysis of their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotations highlighted functional roles in transcriptional regulation. SwissProt-based annotation linked several AP2/ERF factors to abiotic and biotic stress responses, including hypoxia (e.g., GoERF-10), heat and cold stress (e.g., GoDREB-20), salinity (e.g., GoDREB-28), drought (e.g., GoDREB-12), and pathogenic challenges (e.g., GoDREB-49). Tissue-specific expression profiling further revealed coordinated expression patterns of AP2/ERF transcription factors and xanthone biosynthetic pathways. Notably, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified significant correlations (P<0.05) between key xanthones, such as mangostin and mangostinone, and specific AP2/ERF-enriched modules, implicating these transcription factors in the regulation of xanthone accumulation. These findings offer a foundational framework for understanding AP2/ERF-regulated metabolic networks in G. oblongifolia and identify promising candidate genes for molecular breeding aimed at enhancing stress tolerance and secondary metabolite production in this pharmacologically significant species.