长白山北坡与西坡岳桦种群差异分析

王彩玲; 景嘉慧; 许嘉巍; 靳英华; 张英洁; 陈雪莹

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2022.10021

长白山北坡与西坡岳桦种群差异分析

王彩玲^1,2,
景嘉慧^1,2,
许嘉巍^1,2, ,,
靳英华^1,2,
张英洁^1,2,
陈雪莹^1,2

1. 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024;
2. 长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室, 长春 130024

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（41571078，41171072）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王彩玲(1996-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为综合自然地理(E-mail:wangcl399@nenu.edu.cn)。

通讯作者:
许嘉巍,xujw634@nenu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q948
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-22
- 修回日期: 2021-09-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
- 发布日期: 2022-02-27

Analysis of population differences in Betula ermanii Cham. between the northern and western slopes of Changbai Mountain

1. School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China

Funds:

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571078, 41171072).

摘要

摘要: 本研究通过植被调查，从密度、胸径、树高、树龄、世代和种群分布格局等方面分析长白山北坡与西坡岳桦（Betula ermanii Cham.）种群的坡向差异及随海拔变化的坡向差异，探讨植被坡向差异的干扰因素。结果显示，整体上北坡岳桦种群胸径、二代木比重显著大于西坡，一代木比重则相反，说明尽管西坡生境优于北坡，但西坡植被演替落后于北坡，同时受干扰的因素多于北坡。北坡与西坡岳桦种群特征随海拔变化的趋势存在统一性，岳桦种群密度随海拔的升高均呈“单峰”型变化；其中北坡岳桦胸径、树高、树龄、二代木比重随海拔升高逐渐减小，种群空间分布格局呈聚集-随机-聚集变化趋势，说明在较低和较高海拔岳桦只能占据部分生境，符合一般山地植被特征。西坡岳桦树龄、树高随海拔波动减小，种群呈聚集分布；同时不同海拔的岳桦种群特征坡向差异也不同，海拔1600~1700 m，西坡岳桦胸径、树高、树龄小于北坡，而种群密度大于北坡；海拔1800~2100 m，西坡岳桦胸径、树高、树龄大于北坡，而种群密度小于北坡。研究结果说明西坡的干扰随海拔呈随机性，具有风干扰的特征，推测除已知的火山喷发、火山灰侵蚀干扰以及生境条件差异外，风干扰也是产生岳桦种群坡向差异的重要因素。
- 长白山 /
- 岳桦 /
- 种群特征 /
- 坡向差异 /
- 风干扰
Abstract: Based on vegetation surveys of the western and northern slopes of Changbai Mountain, we analyzed and compared density, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, age, generation, and population distribution patterns of Betula ermanii Cham., as well as slope differences with altitude, and further explored the disturbance factors of vegetation slope differences. Results showed that:DBH and proportion of second-generation forest on the northern slope were significantly higher than that on the western slope, but the proportion of first-generation forest was lower on the northern slope. The western slope was disturbed by more factors than the northern slope, although it contained better habitat. Similar trends in B. ermanii population characteristics with altitude were found between the northern and western slopes, with population density showing a "single-peak" variation with increasing altitude. The DBH, height, age, and proportion of second-generation forest on the northern slope gradually decreased with increasing altitude, and spatial distribution showed an aggregation-random-aggregation trend, indicating that B. ermanii only occupied part of the habitat at lower and higher altitudes, in accordance with the general mountain vegetation distribution characteristics. The age and height of B. ermanii on the western slope decreased with increasing altitude and the population showed an aggregation distribution. The slope aspect differences in population varied with altitude. DBH, height, and age on the western slope were lower than those on the northern slope at altitudes of 1600-1700 m, but density was higher than that on the northern slope. In contrast, DBH, height, and age on the western slope were higher than those on the northern slope at altitudes of 1800-2100 m, but density was lower than that on the northern slope. These results indicate that disturbance on the western slope shows a random pattern with altitude and is influenced by wind. Therefore, in addition to the known disturbances of volcanic eruption, volcanic ash erosion, and habitat differences, wind disturbance is another important factor causing slope differences in B. ermanii populations.
- Changbai Mountain /
- Betula ermanii /
- Population characteristics /
- Slope aspect difference /
- Wind disturbance

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