Naming history, classification and characteristics of species from the genus Vallisneria in China

Identification and classification of the genus Vallisneria is confusing due to the small reproductive organs, similar vegetative organs, and large variation. Based on relevant literature and long-term follow-up observations, the naming history of three species of Vallisneria in China, i.e., Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara, V. spinulosa Yan, and V. denseserrulata Makino, was clarified and their taxonomic characters were described in detail. The morphological differences between these species should provide a reference for the classification and identification of the genus Vallisneria.