Abstract: DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a certain species.DNA barcoding can be used to overcome the shortcomings of traditional species identification methods;in particular,it has the advantage of versatility,making the process of species identification more efficient.DNA barcoding has been well applied in the identification of animal species,and in recent years it has been rapidly developed and promoted in the identification of medicinal plants.This paper reviews the principles of DNA barcoding,and introduces and discusses the limitations of traditional identification methods for Chinese medicinal herbs.The significance,application,and prospects of DNA barcoding in the identification of Chinese medicinal herbs are also examined.